1|Page
ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND
PREVENTIVE CARE Questions and
Answers Latest Update 2025 Top Rated A+
A 42-year-old female sees you for a routine health maintenance visit.
Her neighbor was just diagnosed with ovarian cancer and has
encouraged her to have her CA-125 level checked. The patient asks
about ovarian cancer risk factors, prevention, and screening. Which
one of the following would be appropriate advice?
A past history of oral contraceptive use increases the risk for ovarian
cancer
Hormone replacement therapy after menopause decreases the risk
for subsequent ovarian cancer
CA-125 has a false-positive rate of 98% when used to screen for
ovarian cancer
,2|Page
Bimanual examinations are recommended to screen for ovarian
cancer
Transvaginal ultrasonography is recommended to screen for ovarian
cancer
Ans: C
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women
in the United States. Risk factors associated with ovarian cancer include a
positive family history and having the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. A
first or second degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk by
about threefold. The use of oral contraceptives during the reproductive
years, and pregnancy, especially after age 35, reduce the risk of ovarian
cancer, but postmenopausal estrogen use may increase the risk.The U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force does not currently recommend screening
for ovarian cancer, as it is likely to have a relatively low yield (D
recommendation). Almost all women with a positive screening test for CA-
125 will not have ovarian cancer. In women at average risk, the positive
predictive value of an abnormal CA-125 is approximately 2%, so 98% of
women with positive test results will not have ovarian cancer. There are no
current recommendations for ovarian cancer screening by either
transvaginal ultrasonography or pelvic examination.
,3|Page
A male who was born in 1970 comes to your office for a
preoperative examination for an orthopedic procedure on his knee.
He is otherwise healthy and does not take any medications, but he
has not seen a physician for 6 years. He used illicit drugs for a brief
period at age 23 but has not done so since that time and has had
three sexual partners, all of them female. You use this opportunity to
counsel him on preventive health screenings, including hepatitis
C.Which one of the following is true regarding screening for hepatitis
C?
The high cost of treatment outweighs the potential benefit of
screening
The CDC recommends testing for hepatitis C virus every 3-5 years in
patients who have a history of drug injection
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine
screening for hepatitis C only for those born between 1945 and 1965
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This patient should be screened with hepatitis C RNA polymerase
chain reaction (PC
Ans: E
In 2019 the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended
screening all patients 18-79 years of age at least once for hepatitis C with
the anti-HCV antibody test. Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing provides evidence of active HCV
infection, confirms the diagnosis, and is used in monitoring the antiviral
response to therapy. Quantitative PCR is used to determine viral load. The
CDC previously recommended screening for people born between 1945
and 1965, but that has been expanded.HCV is the most common chronic
bloodborne pathogen in the United States and a leading cause of
complications from chronic liver disease. Before the COVID pandemic,
HCV infection was associated with more deaths than the top 60 other
reportable infectious diseases combined, including HIV. The most
important risk factor for HCV infection is past or current injection drug use.
In the United States an estimated 4.1 million people have past or current
HCV infection, based on a positive test for the anti-HCV antibody.
Approximately 2.4 million persons with a positive antibody test have a
current infection based on results of molecular assays for HCV RNA and
would be potential candidates for treatment. Treatment results in very
high levels of virus remission.Cases of acute HCV infection increased
ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND
PREVENTIVE CARE Questions and
Answers Latest Update 2025 Top Rated A+
A 42-year-old female sees you for a routine health maintenance visit.
Her neighbor was just diagnosed with ovarian cancer and has
encouraged her to have her CA-125 level checked. The patient asks
about ovarian cancer risk factors, prevention, and screening. Which
one of the following would be appropriate advice?
A past history of oral contraceptive use increases the risk for ovarian
cancer
Hormone replacement therapy after menopause decreases the risk
for subsequent ovarian cancer
CA-125 has a false-positive rate of 98% when used to screen for
ovarian cancer
,2|Page
Bimanual examinations are recommended to screen for ovarian
cancer
Transvaginal ultrasonography is recommended to screen for ovarian
cancer
Ans: C
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women
in the United States. Risk factors associated with ovarian cancer include a
positive family history and having the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. A
first or second degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk by
about threefold. The use of oral contraceptives during the reproductive
years, and pregnancy, especially after age 35, reduce the risk of ovarian
cancer, but postmenopausal estrogen use may increase the risk.The U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force does not currently recommend screening
for ovarian cancer, as it is likely to have a relatively low yield (D
recommendation). Almost all women with a positive screening test for CA-
125 will not have ovarian cancer. In women at average risk, the positive
predictive value of an abnormal CA-125 is approximately 2%, so 98% of
women with positive test results will not have ovarian cancer. There are no
current recommendations for ovarian cancer screening by either
transvaginal ultrasonography or pelvic examination.
,3|Page
A male who was born in 1970 comes to your office for a
preoperative examination for an orthopedic procedure on his knee.
He is otherwise healthy and does not take any medications, but he
has not seen a physician for 6 years. He used illicit drugs for a brief
period at age 23 but has not done so since that time and has had
three sexual partners, all of them female. You use this opportunity to
counsel him on preventive health screenings, including hepatitis
C.Which one of the following is true regarding screening for hepatitis
C?
The high cost of treatment outweighs the potential benefit of
screening
The CDC recommends testing for hepatitis C virus every 3-5 years in
patients who have a history of drug injection
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine
screening for hepatitis C only for those born between 1945 and 1965
, 4|Page
This patient should be screened with hepatitis C RNA polymerase
chain reaction (PC
Ans: E
In 2019 the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended
screening all patients 18-79 years of age at least once for hepatitis C with
the anti-HCV antibody test. Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing provides evidence of active HCV
infection, confirms the diagnosis, and is used in monitoring the antiviral
response to therapy. Quantitative PCR is used to determine viral load. The
CDC previously recommended screening for people born between 1945
and 1965, but that has been expanded.HCV is the most common chronic
bloodborne pathogen in the United States and a leading cause of
complications from chronic liver disease. Before the COVID pandemic,
HCV infection was associated with more deaths than the top 60 other
reportable infectious diseases combined, including HIV. The most
important risk factor for HCV infection is past or current injection drug use.
In the United States an estimated 4.1 million people have past or current
HCV infection, based on a positive test for the anti-HCV antibody.
Approximately 2.4 million persons with a positive antibody test have a
current infection based on results of molecular assays for HCV RNA and
would be potential candidates for treatment. Treatment results in very
high levels of virus remission.Cases of acute HCV infection increased
