Oncology NCLEX practice Exam Questions and Answers |Complete Solutions Graded A+
|100% Correct
1. A 35 years old client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment
finding suggests that the client has developed stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth)?
a. White, cottage cheese-like patches on the tongue
b. Yellow tooth discoloration
c. Red, open sores on the oral mucosa
d. Rust-colored sputum 21.Answer C. The tissue-destructive effects of cancer chemotherapy
typically cause stomatitis, resulting in ulcers on the oral mucosa that appear as red, open sores.
White, cottage cheese-like patches on the tongue suggest a candidal infection, another
common adverse effect of chemotherapy. Yellow tooth discoloration may result from antibiotic
therapy, not cancer chemotherapy. Rust-colored sputum suggests a respiratory disorder, such
as pneumonia.
2. During chemotherapy, an oncology client has a nursing diagnosis of impaired oral mucous
membrane related to decreased nutrition and immunosuppression secondary to the cytotoxic
effects of chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is most likely to decrease the pain of
stomatitis?
a. Recommending that the client discontinue chemotherapy
b. Providing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water for use as a mouth rinse
c. Monitoring the client's platelet and leukocyte counts
d. Checking regularly for signs and symptoms of stomatitis 22.Answer B. To decrease the
pain of stomatitis, the nurse should provide a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water for the
client to use as a mouth rinse. (Commercially prepared mouthwashes contain alcohol and may
cause dryness and irritation of the oral mucosa.) The nurse also may administer viscous
lidocaine or systemic analgesics as prescribed. Stomatitis occurs 7 to 10 days after
chemotherapy begins; thus, stopping chemotherapy wouldn't be helpful or practical. Instead,
the nurse should stay alert for this potential problem to ensure prompt treatment. Monitoring
platelet and leukocyte counts may help prevent bleeding and infection but wouldn't decrease
pain in this highly susceptible client. Checking for signs and symptoms of stomatitis also
wouldn't decrease the pain.
, 3. What should a male client over age 52 do to help ensure early identification of prostate
cancer?
a. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test done yearly.
b. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5 years.
c. Perform monthly testicular self-examinations, especially after age 50.
d. Have a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
checked yearly. 23.Answer A. The incidence of prostate cancer increases after age 50. The
digital rectal examination, which identifies enlargement or irregularity of the prostate, and PSA
test, a tumor marker for prostate cancer, are effective diagnostic measures that should be done
yearly. Testicular self-examinations won't identify changes in the prostate gland due to its
location in the body. A transrectal ultrasound, CBC, and BUN and creatinine levels are usually
done after diagnosis to identify the extent of the disease and potential metastases
24. A male client complains of sporadic epigastric pain, yellow skin, nausea, vomiting, weight
loss, and fatigue. Suspecting gallbladder disease, the physician orders a diagnostic workup,
which reveals gallbladder cancer. Which nursing diagnosis may be appropriate for this client?
a. Anticipatory grieving
b. Impaired swallowing
c. Disturbed body image
d. Chronic low self-esteem 24.Answer A. Anticipatory grieving is an appropriate nursing
diagnosis for this client because few clients with gallbladder cancer live more than 1 year after
diagnosis. Impaired swallowing isn't associated with gallbladder cancer. Although surgery
typically is done to remove the gallbladder and, possibly, a section of the liver, it isn't disfiguring
and doesn't cause Disturbed body image. Chronic low self-esteem isn't an appropriate nursing
diagnosis at this time because the diagnosis has just been made.
5. A male client is in isolation after receiving an internal radioactive implant to treat cancer.
Two hours later, the nurse discovers the implant in the bed linens. What should the nurse do
first?
|100% Correct
1. A 35 years old client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment
finding suggests that the client has developed stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth)?
a. White, cottage cheese-like patches on the tongue
b. Yellow tooth discoloration
c. Red, open sores on the oral mucosa
d. Rust-colored sputum 21.Answer C. The tissue-destructive effects of cancer chemotherapy
typically cause stomatitis, resulting in ulcers on the oral mucosa that appear as red, open sores.
White, cottage cheese-like patches on the tongue suggest a candidal infection, another
common adverse effect of chemotherapy. Yellow tooth discoloration may result from antibiotic
therapy, not cancer chemotherapy. Rust-colored sputum suggests a respiratory disorder, such
as pneumonia.
2. During chemotherapy, an oncology client has a nursing diagnosis of impaired oral mucous
membrane related to decreased nutrition and immunosuppression secondary to the cytotoxic
effects of chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is most likely to decrease the pain of
stomatitis?
a. Recommending that the client discontinue chemotherapy
b. Providing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water for use as a mouth rinse
c. Monitoring the client's platelet and leukocyte counts
d. Checking regularly for signs and symptoms of stomatitis 22.Answer B. To decrease the
pain of stomatitis, the nurse should provide a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water for the
client to use as a mouth rinse. (Commercially prepared mouthwashes contain alcohol and may
cause dryness and irritation of the oral mucosa.) The nurse also may administer viscous
lidocaine or systemic analgesics as prescribed. Stomatitis occurs 7 to 10 days after
chemotherapy begins; thus, stopping chemotherapy wouldn't be helpful or practical. Instead,
the nurse should stay alert for this potential problem to ensure prompt treatment. Monitoring
platelet and leukocyte counts may help prevent bleeding and infection but wouldn't decrease
pain in this highly susceptible client. Checking for signs and symptoms of stomatitis also
wouldn't decrease the pain.
, 3. What should a male client over age 52 do to help ensure early identification of prostate
cancer?
a. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test done yearly.
b. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5 years.
c. Perform monthly testicular self-examinations, especially after age 50.
d. Have a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
checked yearly. 23.Answer A. The incidence of prostate cancer increases after age 50. The
digital rectal examination, which identifies enlargement or irregularity of the prostate, and PSA
test, a tumor marker for prostate cancer, are effective diagnostic measures that should be done
yearly. Testicular self-examinations won't identify changes in the prostate gland due to its
location in the body. A transrectal ultrasound, CBC, and BUN and creatinine levels are usually
done after diagnosis to identify the extent of the disease and potential metastases
24. A male client complains of sporadic epigastric pain, yellow skin, nausea, vomiting, weight
loss, and fatigue. Suspecting gallbladder disease, the physician orders a diagnostic workup,
which reveals gallbladder cancer. Which nursing diagnosis may be appropriate for this client?
a. Anticipatory grieving
b. Impaired swallowing
c. Disturbed body image
d. Chronic low self-esteem 24.Answer A. Anticipatory grieving is an appropriate nursing
diagnosis for this client because few clients with gallbladder cancer live more than 1 year after
diagnosis. Impaired swallowing isn't associated with gallbladder cancer. Although surgery
typically is done to remove the gallbladder and, possibly, a section of the liver, it isn't disfiguring
and doesn't cause Disturbed body image. Chronic low self-esteem isn't an appropriate nursing
diagnosis at this time because the diagnosis has just been made.
5. A male client is in isolation after receiving an internal radioactive implant to treat cancer.
Two hours later, the nurse discovers the implant in the bed linens. What should the nurse do
first?
