NUR3643
Research & Theory
Final Exam Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
,I. MULTIPLE CHOICE (10 Questions)
1. A nurse researcher wishes to generate a substantive theory grounded
in clinical data about patients’ coping with chronic pain. Which
qualitative design is most appropriate?
A) Phenomenology
B) Grounded theory
C) Ethnography
D) Case study
ANS: B
Rationale: Grounded theory builds theory inductively through iterative
data collection and constant comparative analysis.
2. In a randomized controlled trial testing a new fall-prevention program,
which procedure most strengthens internal validity?
A) Random assignment to intervention and control groups
B) Convenience sampling of hospital units
C) Blinding of outcome assessors
D) Use of a historical control group
ANS: A
Rationale: Random assignment minimizes selection bias and
confounding, bolstering internal validity.
3. A survey of 200 nurses uses a Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 =
strongly agree). The scale data are best described as:
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
ANS: B
Rationale: Likert scales produce ordinal data, where intervals are not
assumed equal between ranks.
4. The Content Validity Index (CVI) is used during instrument
2
, development to assess:
A) How well items represent the construct domain
B) Test–retest stability
C) Interrater agreement
D) Internal consistency reliability
ANS: A
Rationale: CVI quantifies expert agreement about item relevance to the
construct.
5. In explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the researcher:
A) Collects quantitative data first, then qualitative data to explain results
B) Collects qualitative data only
C) Simultaneously collects qual and quant data
D) Follows qual data with quant data to generalize findings
ANS: A
Rationale: Explanatory sequential designs begin with quantitative results,
then use qualitative inquiry to deepen understanding.
6. Which hypothesis best exemplifies a directional research hypothesis?
A) “Nurses who attend stress-management workshops will report lower
burnout than those who do not.”
B) “There is a relationship between workshop attendance and burnout.”
C) “Workshop attendance has no effect on burnout.”
D) “Burnout varies randomly among nurses.”
ANS: A
Rationale: A directional hypothesis specifies the expected direction of the
effect.
7. A study’s external validity is most threatened by:
A) Use of a highly homogenous volunteer sample
B) Randomized assignment
C) Blinded outcome assessment
D) Standardized intervention protocol
ANS: A
Rationale: Homogenous volunteers limit generalizability to the broader
3
Research & Theory
Final Exam Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
,I. MULTIPLE CHOICE (10 Questions)
1. A nurse researcher wishes to generate a substantive theory grounded
in clinical data about patients’ coping with chronic pain. Which
qualitative design is most appropriate?
A) Phenomenology
B) Grounded theory
C) Ethnography
D) Case study
ANS: B
Rationale: Grounded theory builds theory inductively through iterative
data collection and constant comparative analysis.
2. In a randomized controlled trial testing a new fall-prevention program,
which procedure most strengthens internal validity?
A) Random assignment to intervention and control groups
B) Convenience sampling of hospital units
C) Blinding of outcome assessors
D) Use of a historical control group
ANS: A
Rationale: Random assignment minimizes selection bias and
confounding, bolstering internal validity.
3. A survey of 200 nurses uses a Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 =
strongly agree). The scale data are best described as:
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
ANS: B
Rationale: Likert scales produce ordinal data, where intervals are not
assumed equal between ranks.
4. The Content Validity Index (CVI) is used during instrument
2
, development to assess:
A) How well items represent the construct domain
B) Test–retest stability
C) Interrater agreement
D) Internal consistency reliability
ANS: A
Rationale: CVI quantifies expert agreement about item relevance to the
construct.
5. In explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the researcher:
A) Collects quantitative data first, then qualitative data to explain results
B) Collects qualitative data only
C) Simultaneously collects qual and quant data
D) Follows qual data with quant data to generalize findings
ANS: A
Rationale: Explanatory sequential designs begin with quantitative results,
then use qualitative inquiry to deepen understanding.
6. Which hypothesis best exemplifies a directional research hypothesis?
A) “Nurses who attend stress-management workshops will report lower
burnout than those who do not.”
B) “There is a relationship between workshop attendance and burnout.”
C) “Workshop attendance has no effect on burnout.”
D) “Burnout varies randomly among nurses.”
ANS: A
Rationale: A directional hypothesis specifies the expected direction of the
effect.
7. A study’s external validity is most threatened by:
A) Use of a highly homogenous volunteer sample
B) Randomized assignment
C) Blinded outcome assessment
D) Standardized intervention protocol
ANS: A
Rationale: Homogenous volunteers limit generalizability to the broader
3
