1.What are the four categories of tools available to U.S. leaders
crafting foreign policy?
Answer Diplomatic, Economic, Military, and Unconventional
2.Ex. of Diplomatic
Answer consultations and negotiations, treaties, defense and security
agreements, resolutions in global and regional bodies such as the
United Nations (UN), and public diplomacy to promote U.S. views and
culture
3.Ex. of Economic
Answer trade and investment agreements, tariffs, sanctions, embar-
goes and boycotts, bilateral and multilateral development assistance,
loans for the purchase of U.S. exports, and sales of arms, equipment,
and technology
4.Ex. of Military
Answer missile strikes by manned or unmanned vehicles, nuclear deter-
rence, ground force deployments, ship and submarine patrols,
blockades, unilateral or partnered military exercises, foreign military
training, and special operations forces
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, 5.Ex. of Unconventional
Answer training and assisting foreign intelligence services, sup- porting
armed nonstate actors, private security contracting, and cyberwarfare
6.What prompted the creation of the National Security Council (NSC)?
Answer Creat- ed in 1947 by the National Security Act
In light of post-WW2 expansion of American interests and responsibilities
New role on the world stage as a superpower, Responsibility as leader of
the "free world" on the bilateral world stage opposite the Communist
Soviets/Chinese, As part of the larger reorganization of American
intelligence, foreign policy, and military
7.What were the NSCs main objectives?
Answer Principle objective is to help the Presi- dent forge policies that
advance US interests and security objectives. A comprehen- sive forum
for cooperation to develop policies,
Meant to provide/create a process that allowed the President to receive
full spectrum of advice and opinion from various departments.
8.How has the NSC's structure evolved over the course of different
presiden- tial administrations?
Answer The NSC process varies according to the preferences of the
President. It has also varied according to the domestic and international
challenges of the day. NSC Under Different Presidents Varies, Who
attends NSC meetings, How often/how long the NSC meets, Amt. and
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