Microbiology: An Evolving Science – 3rd Edition by John Foster & Joan Slonczewski, Complete Test Bank (Chapters 1–28)

TEST BANK FOR Il` I l `




Microbiology An Evolving Science, 3rd Edition, John Foster & Joan Slonczewski Chapter
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Il` 1-28


CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
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MULTIPLE CHOICE Il`




1. Viruses are: Il`




a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




particles
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c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




ANS: I l ` B DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.1 TOP: I l ` I.A | I.B I l` Il`




MSC: I l ` Remembering

2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals: Il` Il` Il` Il`




a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
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d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
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ANS: I l ` B DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.1 TOP: I l ` I.A | I.B I l` Il`




MSC: I l ` Remembering

3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
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a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi Il`




c. archaea
ANS: I l ` A DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.1 TOP: I l ` I.A.i
MSC: I l ` Remembering

4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
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a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
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b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
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c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
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d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
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e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
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ANS: I l ` E DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.1 TOP: I l ` I.A.i | I.A.ii Il` Il`




MSC: I l ` Remembering

5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
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a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




environmental change. Il`

, b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
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bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




c. Microbes function as individual entities. Il` Il` Il` Il`




d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




ANS: I l ` C DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.1 TOP: I l ` I.A.i | I.A.ii Il` Il`




MSC: I l ` Remembering

6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
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b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix nitrogen.
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c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
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related they are. Il` Il`




d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
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e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
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MSC: I l ` Remembering

7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
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a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: I l ` B DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.1 TOP: I l ` I.B.i
MSC: I l ` Remembering

8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
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a. ferrous iron d. oxygen Il`




b. methane e. hydrogen gas Il`




c. ammonia
ANS: D I l ` DIF: Easy REF: I l ` Special Topic Il`




1.1 TOP:
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9. Thedevelopment of the theoryofthe ―RNAworld‖resulted fromthe discoveryof:
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a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
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1.1 TOP:
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10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
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a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists Il`




c. viruses
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1.1 TOP:
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11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
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a. DNA d. amino acids Il`




b. RNA e. carbohydrates

, c. protein

ANS: B I l ` DIF: Medium REF: I l ` Special Topic Il`




1.1 TOP:
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12. Which of the following diseases accounts for more than half of all human mortality?
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a. cardiovasculardisease d. microbial disease Il̀ Il`




b. cancer e. strokes
c. accidents
ANS: I l ` D DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.A
MSC: I l ` Remembering

13. Which century is known as the golden age of microbiology?
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a. the seventeenth Il` d. the twentieth Il`




b. the eighteenth Il` e. thetwenty-first Il̀




c. the nineteenth Il`




ANS: I l ` C DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.A
MSC: I l ` Remembering

14. All of the following have been found in mummies and tomb art EXCEPT:
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a. tuberculosis d. smallpox
b. polio e. AIDS
c. leprosy
ANS: I l ` E DIF: Medium REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.A.i
MSC: I l ` Remembering

15. How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population?
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a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic plague Il`




c. smallpox
ANS: I l ` C DIF: Medium REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.A.i
MSC: I l ` Remembering

16. Nightingale:
a. is better known as the founder of professional nursing
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b. was the first to use disinfectant to demonstrate the significance of aseptic technique
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c. developed the pie chart of mortality data during the Crimean War Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




d. performed the first controlled experiment on the chemical conversion of matter, known Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




today as chemotherapy Il` Il`




e. all of the above Il` Il` Il`




ANS: I l ` A DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.A.ii
MSC: I l ` Remembering

17. Who developed the concept of medical statistics?
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a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur Il` Il`




b. Florence Nightingale e. Alexander Fleming Il` Il`




c. Edward Jenner Il`




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MSC: I l ` Remembering

, 18. The first person to visualize individual microbes was:
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a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek d. Lady Montagu Il` Il` Il`




b. Robert Hooke e. Edward Jenner Il` Il`




c. Louis Pasteur Il`




ANS: I l ` A DIF: Easy REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.B.ii
MSC: I l ` Remembering

19. Which technique was developed to distinguish bacteria from human cells?
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a. Gramstain d. DNA sequencing Il` Il`




b. electron microscopy e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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c. X-ray diffraction Il`




ANS: I l ` A DIF: Medium REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.B.ii
MSC: I l ` Remembering

20. How is most sterilization performed for the controlled study of microbes?
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a. boiling d. autoclaving
b. pasteurization e. irradiation
c. filter sterilization Il`




ANS: I l ` D DIF: Medium REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.C.iii.a
MSC: I l ` Remembering

21. Microbes can shape human history via: Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




a. lithotrophic activities Il` d. production of cheese Il` Il`




b. production of alcoholic beverages Il` Il` Il` e. all of the above Il` Il` Il`




c. diseases that they cause Il` Il` Il`




ANS: I l ` E DIF: Medium REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.A
MSC: I l ` Understanding

22. Suppose Pasteur’s swan-necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy 24 hours after boiling.
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Which choice could best explain the turbidity or cloudiness in the broth without supporting
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spontaneous generation?
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a. Endospores in the broth survived boiling and grew after the broth cooled. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




b. Contaminating organisms in the broth killed by boiling became alive again after the broth Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




cooled.
c. Chemicals in the broth came together to form living organisms. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




d. The broth allowed light to pass through it with less interference after boiling.
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e. Solid material in the broth dissolved during boiling. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




ANS: I l A
` DIF: Difficult REF: I l ` I l ` 1.2 TOP: I l ` II.C.ii.b
MSC: I l ` Applying

23. Robert Koch’s greatest accomplishment in the field of medical bacteriology was with:
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a. Escherichia coli d. rabies Il̀




b. Bacillus subtilis e. smallpox Il`




c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Il̀




ANS: I l ` C DIF: Medium REF: I l ` I l ` 1.3 TOP: I l ` III.B.i
MSC: I l ` Remembering

24. The use of agar as the gelling agent in solid media was suggested by:
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a. Robert Koch d. Louis Pasteur Il` Il`




b. Ignaz Semmelweis e. Richard Petri
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