WISCONSIN PESTICIDE
APPLICATOR EXAM REVIEW:
TURF & LANDSCAPEALL
CHAPTERS COVERED AND
GRADED A+ 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam Review: Turf &
Landscape
All chapters covered and graded A+
Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause
1. Chew on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits
2. Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves
3. Suck plant juices
4. Promote gall formation and other malformations
5. Inject toxins into plants
6. Transmit diseases to plants
7. Create a nuisance for people
.Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects.
8. Insects have a body form with 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen
9. 3 pairs of legs attached to the thorax
10. 0, 1, or 2 pairs of wings attached to the thorax
11. 1 pair of antennae
.Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods.
12. Arthropods have an exoskeleton
13. Body form has 2 regions: head & abdomen
14. Usually 4 pairs of legs attached to the head
15. No wings
16. No antennae
.Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete
metamorphosis.
17. Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis"; 3 stages: egg, nymph, adult
18. Complete: 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult
.Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development.
19. Preferences vary for each insect
20. Combined effect of temperature & humidity impacts reproduction &
development more than either alone
21. Development is faster with heat, slower with cold temps
22. Insects die at high threshold temps and become inactive at low temps
23. Humidity affects insect diseases and moisture levels needed for survival
,.Ch.1 List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides.
*Advantages:*
24. Effective against damaging pests
25. Can combine 1-2 insecticides for multiple pests
26. Act quickly to control pests
27. Many proven effective compounds for new pests
28. Effective insecticides, formulations, and equipment are available
*Disadvantages:*
29. Often eliminate beneficial insects, leading to quick rebound of target pests
30. Repeated use can lead to resistance
31. Yearly dependence adds cost
32. Potential for drift, residues, and damage
---
.Ch.2 Explain what determines whether a given plant is a weed.
33. Weeds are unwanted plants
.Ch.2 List the two main goals of weed management.
34. Minimize weed competition
35. Limit weed reproduction for future control
.Ch.2 Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes
(7).
36. Interfere with management practices
37. Produce chemical inhibitors (allelopathy) that retard desirable plants
38. Create poor customer impressions
39. Interfere with pesticide applications
40. Support pests and diseases, provide cover for rodents
41. Poisonous, allergenic, or irritating to people or pets
42. Dry out/die, becoming fire hazards
.Ch.2 Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and woody from
herbaceous plants.
43. *Grasses (Monocots):* Single seed leaf, narrow leaves with parallel veins
44. *Broadleaves (Dicots):* Two seed leaves, net-like or branching veins, can be
woody or herbaceous
45. *Woody:* Thickened outer layer (bark)
, 46. *Herbaceous:* Lack bark
.Ch.2 Describe the life cycles and propagation of annual, biennial, and perennial
plants.
47. *Annuals:* Live less than 12 months; prolific seed producers; some dormant
for years
- Summer Annuals: germinate in spring, flower in summer, die late
summer/early fall
- Winter Annuals: germinate in fall, overwinter, flower in spring, die
48. *Biennials:* Live 2 seasons; germinate, overwinter as rosette, flower,
produce seed, die
49. *Perennials:* Live 2+ years; reproduce via seed or vegetative means
(stolons, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs)
.Ch.2 Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds
and when it is easiest to do so.
50. *Annuals:* Kill entire shoot during seeding stage (tillage or herbicide)
- Summer & Winter Annuals: same timing
51. *Biennials:* Best controlled at rosette stage (herbicides)
52. *Perennials:* Repeated tillage or herbicide translocation to all parts
.Ch.2 Distinguish preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicide
applications.
53. Preplant: before planting
54. Preemergence: after planting, before weeds emerge
55. Postemergence: after weeds emerge; timing critical
.Ch.2 Explain effects of soil texture, organic matter, pH, and herbicide
persistence.
56. Fine-textured soils/high organic matter may need higher herbicide rates
57. Some soils prohibit use of certain herbicides to prevent damage or
persistence issues
58. Sandy soils with shallow water tables risk groundwater contamination
.Ch.2 Describe how and when to make basal-bark treatment.
59. Spray lower 18" of stems; thoroughly wet stem, crown, roots
60. Can be applied anytime when bark isn't wet or snow/water prevent spraying
.Ch.2 Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment.
APPLICATOR EXAM REVIEW:
TURF & LANDSCAPEALL
CHAPTERS COVERED AND
GRADED A+ 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam Review: Turf &
Landscape
All chapters covered and graded A+
Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause
1. Chew on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits
2. Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves
3. Suck plant juices
4. Promote gall formation and other malformations
5. Inject toxins into plants
6. Transmit diseases to plants
7. Create a nuisance for people
.Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects.
8. Insects have a body form with 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen
9. 3 pairs of legs attached to the thorax
10. 0, 1, or 2 pairs of wings attached to the thorax
11. 1 pair of antennae
.Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods.
12. Arthropods have an exoskeleton
13. Body form has 2 regions: head & abdomen
14. Usually 4 pairs of legs attached to the head
15. No wings
16. No antennae
.Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete
metamorphosis.
17. Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis"; 3 stages: egg, nymph, adult
18. Complete: 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult
.Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development.
19. Preferences vary for each insect
20. Combined effect of temperature & humidity impacts reproduction &
development more than either alone
21. Development is faster with heat, slower with cold temps
22. Insects die at high threshold temps and become inactive at low temps
23. Humidity affects insect diseases and moisture levels needed for survival
,.Ch.1 List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides.
*Advantages:*
24. Effective against damaging pests
25. Can combine 1-2 insecticides for multiple pests
26. Act quickly to control pests
27. Many proven effective compounds for new pests
28. Effective insecticides, formulations, and equipment are available
*Disadvantages:*
29. Often eliminate beneficial insects, leading to quick rebound of target pests
30. Repeated use can lead to resistance
31. Yearly dependence adds cost
32. Potential for drift, residues, and damage
---
.Ch.2 Explain what determines whether a given plant is a weed.
33. Weeds are unwanted plants
.Ch.2 List the two main goals of weed management.
34. Minimize weed competition
35. Limit weed reproduction for future control
.Ch.2 Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes
(7).
36. Interfere with management practices
37. Produce chemical inhibitors (allelopathy) that retard desirable plants
38. Create poor customer impressions
39. Interfere with pesticide applications
40. Support pests and diseases, provide cover for rodents
41. Poisonous, allergenic, or irritating to people or pets
42. Dry out/die, becoming fire hazards
.Ch.2 Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and woody from
herbaceous plants.
43. *Grasses (Monocots):* Single seed leaf, narrow leaves with parallel veins
44. *Broadleaves (Dicots):* Two seed leaves, net-like or branching veins, can be
woody or herbaceous
45. *Woody:* Thickened outer layer (bark)
, 46. *Herbaceous:* Lack bark
.Ch.2 Describe the life cycles and propagation of annual, biennial, and perennial
plants.
47. *Annuals:* Live less than 12 months; prolific seed producers; some dormant
for years
- Summer Annuals: germinate in spring, flower in summer, die late
summer/early fall
- Winter Annuals: germinate in fall, overwinter, flower in spring, die
48. *Biennials:* Live 2 seasons; germinate, overwinter as rosette, flower,
produce seed, die
49. *Perennials:* Live 2+ years; reproduce via seed or vegetative means
(stolons, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs)
.Ch.2 Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds
and when it is easiest to do so.
50. *Annuals:* Kill entire shoot during seeding stage (tillage or herbicide)
- Summer & Winter Annuals: same timing
51. *Biennials:* Best controlled at rosette stage (herbicides)
52. *Perennials:* Repeated tillage or herbicide translocation to all parts
.Ch.2 Distinguish preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicide
applications.
53. Preplant: before planting
54. Preemergence: after planting, before weeds emerge
55. Postemergence: after weeds emerge; timing critical
.Ch.2 Explain effects of soil texture, organic matter, pH, and herbicide
persistence.
56. Fine-textured soils/high organic matter may need higher herbicide rates
57. Some soils prohibit use of certain herbicides to prevent damage or
persistence issues
58. Sandy soils with shallow water tables risk groundwater contamination
.Ch.2 Describe how and when to make basal-bark treatment.
59. Spray lower 18" of stems; thoroughly wet stem, crown, roots
60. Can be applied anytime when bark isn't wet or snow/water prevent spraying
.Ch.2 Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment.
