# OF GRAPHEMES AND # OF PHONEMES - ANS-THERE ARE 26 GRAPHEMES TO
REPRESENT 44 PHONEMES.
2 CATEGORIES OF MAPS - ANS-1. The boundaries of countries, states, counties, and
towns can be seen on reference maps. EX: ARE ATLASES AND ROAD MAPS.
2. THEMATIC MAPS- SHOW A PARTICULAR TOPIC, SUCH AS POPULATION DENSITY
OR DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD RELIGIONS, AND PHYSICAL, SOCIAL,
ECONOMIC,POLITICAL, AGRICULTURAL, OR ECONOMIC FEATURES.
2 EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL WEATHERING - ANS-1. EXFOLIATION-OCCURS IN
PLACES LIKE THE DESERT WHEN THE SOIL IS EXPOSED FIRST TO HIGH TEMPS,
WHICH CAUSE IT TO EXPAND, AND THEN TO COLD TEMPS, WHICH MAKE THE SOIL
CONTRACT. THESE CHANGES CAUSE THE OUTER LAYERS OF ROCK TO PEEL OFF.
2. FREEZE-THAW- BREAKS DOWN ROCK WHEN WATER GETS INTO ROCK JOINTS
OR CRACKS AND THEN FREEZES AND EXPANDS, BREAKING THE ROCK.
2 MOVEMENTS OF PLANETS - ANS-1. ROTATION- DESCRIBES THE SPINNING OF
EARTH ON ITS AIS. EARTH TAKES APPROX. 24 HOURS TO MAKE A COMPLETE 360
DEGREE ROTATION, WHICH CREATES DAY AND NIGHT.
2. REVOLUTION- WHILE THE EARTH IS ROTATING ON ITS AIS, IT IS ALSO
FOLLOWING AN ORBIT AROUNF THE SUN. IT TAKES A YEAR, 365 DAYS, FOR EARTH
TO COMPLETE ONE OF REVOLUTION.
2 TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING - ANS-1. ACID FORMATION-FORMED UNDER
VARIOUS CONDITIONS, LIKE ACID RAIN.
2. HYDRATION-OCCURS WHEN THE MINERALS IN ROCK ABSORB WATER AND
EXPAND SOMETIMES CHANGING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ROCK.
3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT - ANS-1. EXECUTIVE
2. JUDICIAL
3. LEGISLATIVE
3 LAYERS OF THE EARTH - ANS-1. CRUST- OUTER PORTION OF THE EARTH
WHERE WE LIVE. THICKNESS OF CRUST VARIED FROM ABOUT 3 MILES TO 40
MILES, DEPENDING ON THE LOCATION. IT CONTAINS VARIOUS TYPES OF SOIL,
METALS AND ROCKS.
2. MANTLE- THICKEST LAYER OF THE EARTH LOCATED RIGHT BELOW THE CRUST.
COMPOSED OF MOSTLY ROCKS AND METALS. THE HEAT IN THIS LAYER IS SO
INTENSE THAT ROCKS AND METALS MELT, CREATING MAGMA AND RESULTING LAVA
THAT REACHES THE SURFACE.
3. CORE- THE INNER PART OF THE EARTH. COMPOSED OF A SOLID INNER CORE
AND A MOSTLY LIQUID OUTER CORE. THE INNER CORE IS MADE OF SOLID IRON
AND NICKEL. The heat on the sun's surface is reassembled by temperatures in the inner
core. 3 MAIN COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM - ANS-1. PRODUCERS- GREEN PLANTS
THAT PRODUCE OXYGEN AND STORE CHEMICAL ENERGY FROM CONSUMERS.
2. CONSUMERS- ANIMALS, BOTH HERBIVORES AND CARNIVORES. HERBIVORES
TAKE THE CHEMICAL ENERGY FROM PLANTS, AND CARNIVORES TAKE THE
ENERGY FROM OTHER ANIMALS OR DIRECTLY FROM PLANTS.
, 3. DECOMPOSERS- ARE IN CHARGE OF CLEANING UP THE ENVIRONMENT BY
DECOMPOSING AND FREEING DEAD MATTER FOR RECYCLING BACK INTO THE
ECOSYSTEM.
3 MAIN FORCES AND PROCESSES THAT CHANGE THE EARTH'S SURFACE - ANS-1.
WEATHERING
2. GEOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS
3. CREATION OF GLACIERS
3 MAIN KINDS OF CONTEXT CLUES - ANS-1. SEMANTIC: REQUIRE A CHILD TO
THINK ABOUT THE MEANING OF WORDS AND WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT
THE TOPIC BEING READ.
2. SYNTACTIC: REFERS TO THE WORD ORDER IN A SENTENCE.
3. STRUCTURAL: REQUIRES A CHILD TO PAY ATTENTION TO LETTER GROUPS
BECAUSE THERE ARE MANY GROUPS OF LETTERS THAT FREQUENTLY OCCUR
WITHIN A WORD, WHICH ARE CALLED MORPHEMES.
3 READING LEVELS DETERMINE BY INFORMAL INVENTORY - ANS-1. INDEPENDANT
READING LEVEL: WHEN THE STUDENT PRONOUNCES 95% OR MORE OF THE
WORDS CORRECTLY AND SHOWS MORE THAN 90% ACCURACY IN RESPONSE TO
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS. ALSO REFERS TO MATERIAL THAT THE STUDENT
CAN READ ON HIS OR HER OWN, WITHOUT ASSISTANCE.
2. INSTRUCTIONAL READING LEVEL: WHEN THE STUDENT PRONOUCES 90-94%,
AND ANSWERS 70-89% FOR THE QUESTIONS CORRECTLY. ALSO REFERS TO
CHALLENGING MATERIAL THAT THE STUDENT CAN READ WITH ASSISTANCE FROM
THE TEACHER.
3. FRUSTRATION READING LEVEL: WHEN THE PRONOUNCES LESS THAN 50% OR
THE WORDS CORRECTLY AND LESS THAN 70% OF THE QUESTIONS CORRECTLY.
MATERIALS AT THIS LEVEL ARE TOO DIFFICULT FOR A STUDENT AND SHOULD BE
AVOIDED UNTIL THE STUDENT IS READY FOR THEM.
3 TYPES OF MUSCLES - ANS-1. SKELETAL MUSCLES
2. SMOOTH MUSCLES
3. CARDIAC MUSCLES
3 TYPES OF ROCKS - ANS-1. IGNEOUS ROCKS- CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS THAT FORM
DIRECTLY FROM THE COOLING OF MAGMA OR LAVA. GRANITE IS ONE OF THE
MOST COMMON TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS AND IS CREATED FROM MAGMA.
2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS- CALLED SECONDARY ROCKS BECAUSE THEY ARE
OFTEN THE RESULT OF TEH ACCUMULATION OF SMALL PIECES BROKEN OFF
FROM PREEISTING ROCKS AND THEN PRESSED INTO A NEW FORM.
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:
1. CLASTIC 2. CHEMICAL 3. ORGANIC
3. PF METAMORPHIC ROCK, INCLUDING SECONDARY ROCKS MADE FROM
IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, OR OTHER TYPES. WHEN HOT MAGMA OR LAVA COMES
IN CONTACT WITH ROCKS OR WHEN BURIED ROCKS ARE EPOSED TO PRESSURE
AND HIGH TEMPS, THE RESULT IS METAMORPHIC ROCKS.
3 WAYS HEAT IS TRANSFERED - ANS-TRANSFER HAPPENS IN 3 WAYS:
1. TRANSFERRING ELECTRICITY OR HEAT VIA A SUBSTANCE IS A CONDITION. IT
OCCURS WHEN 2 OBJECTS OF DIFFERING TEMPERATURES ARE PLACED IN
CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER,HEAT FLOWS FROM TEH HOTTER OBJECT TO THE
COOLER ONE.