Questions And Actual Answers.
Advanced beginner - Answer Stage 2 of Benner's model, in which the student is able to
formulate principles that dictate action. For example,, the student would grasp the rationale
behind why different medications require different injection techniques.
Competent - Answer Stage 3 of Benner's model, Characterized by the ability to analyze
problems and prioritize. The nurse has a solid grasp of the rules and principles. The nurse at this
stage has had experience in a variety of clinical situations and is able to draw on prior
knowledge and experience.
Ethical comportment - Answer Good conduct born out of an individualized relationship with
the patient that involves engagement in a particular situation and entails a sense of
membership in the relevant professional group.
Expert - Answer The final stage in Benner's model. The nurse has moved beyond a fixed set of
rules. There is an internalized understanding grounded in wealth of experience as well as depth
of knowledge. The expert is always learning and always questioning using subjective and
objective knowing.
Formation - Answer A process that occurs over time that denotes the development of
perceptual abilities, the ability to draw on knowledge and skilled know-how, and a way of being
and acting in practice and in the world.
Novice - Answer The first stage of Benner's model, characterized by a lack of knowledge and
experience. In this stage, the facts, rules, and guidelines for practice are the focus. Rules for
practice are context free, and the student's task is to acquire the knowledge and skills.
Professional values - Answer Beliefs or ideals that guide interactions with patients, colleagues,
other professionals, and the public.
Proficient - Answer Stage 4 of Benner's model. Refers to the professional who is able to grasp
the situation contextually and as a whole. Such nurses have a solid grasp of the norms as well as
solid experiences that shed light on the variation from the norm. Incorporated into practice is
the ability to test knowledge against situation that might not fit and to solve problems with
alternative approaches.