CSO Ch 2: Nutrition and Cancer Prevention ||WELL-
ENLIGHTENED QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS!!!
Proportion of preventable cancers by diet and physical activity correct answers 1/3
Body fatness is correlated to which types of cancer? correct answers esophagus
(adenocarcinoma), pancreas, colorectal, breast (postmenopause), endometrium, and kidney.
Likely a cause of gallbladder. 20% of these cancers in US are 2/2 overweight and obesity.
mechanisms by which body fatness influences cancer risk correct answers Insulin resistance,
increased estrogen production, hormone production (leptin), decreased adiponectin, chronic
low grade inflammation, impaired immune response
insulin resistance and cancer risk correct answers Increased levels of insulin and bioactive
IGF-1. IGF-1 can stimulate a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway promoting cancer cell
reproduction and inhibiting apoptosis
Obesity, estrogen, and cancer correct answers Adipose is the primary site of estrogen
production in postmenopausal women. Obesity increases bioavailability of estrogen.
Increased levels of bioavailable estrogen is associated w/ endometrial cancer and
postmenopausal breast cancer
Leptin and cancer correct answers Increased leptin levels in o dairy may promote cell
proliferation and angiogenesis Whirleyball inhibiting apoptosis
Obesity, inflammation and cancer correct answers Obesity is associated w/ chronic low grade
inflammation promoting cancer development through elevation in DNA damaging free
radicals and cell to cell signaling protein
waist circumference correct answers measure of abdominal fatness, which measures both
subcutaneous and more metabolically active visceral fat. Associated with hyperinsulinemia
and increased inflammation
cancers associated with abdominal fatness correct answers colorectal, endometrial, breast
(postmenopausal), pancreas
waist circumference for women correct answers <31.5
waist circumference for men correct answers <35
body fatness and breast cancer correct answers potential benefit of overweight and obesity for
protection of premenopausal breast cancer is outweighed by increased risk for
postmenopausal breast cancer and other chronic diseases
physical activity protects against which cancers correct answers colon, breast, endometrial.
Also indirectectly protects against other cancers by reducing incidence of obesity
, American Cancer Society physical activity recommendations correct answers 150 mins of
physical activity or 75 mins of vigorous activity per week. 1 hr/day for children or
adolescents and 3 days/week of vigorous activity
AICR/WCRF physical activity recommendations correct answers 30 mins/day of moderate
activity, or 60mins+/day or 30 mins vigorous activity for increased protection
mechanisms physical activity may reduce cancer risk correct answers reduced weight gain
and wt maintenance, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin levels, decreased levels
of bioactive sex steroid hormones, more rapid gut transit time reducing exposure of colon to
carcinogens, improved immune function
low energy density foods correct answers protects against wt gain and obesity. Vegetables,
fruit, foods containing dietary fiber
energy density correct answers how concentrated foods are in kcal. defined as kcal per gram
or per 100 grams of food. Foods high in energy density are high in fat or sugar Foods low in
energy density are high in water content and/or fiber
sugar sweetened beverages correct answers low in energy density d/t high water content.
Research supports limiting to reduce kcal consumption and promote wt loss
kcal from beverages correct answers body may be less able to recognize or compensate for
kcal in beverage form than solid foods contributing to long term energy surplus and wt gain
cancers protected from nonstarchy fruits and vegetables correct answers pharynx, larynx,
esophagus, stomach, lung
allium vegetables - examples and cancer protection correct answers garlic, onions, leeks.
Protect against cancers of the stomach cancer
foods protecting against colorectal cancer correct answers whole grains, garlic
nutrients protecting against prostate cancer correct answers selenium, lycopene
nutrients protecting against esophageal cancer correct answers vitamin C, beta carotene
nutrients protecting against mouth, pharynx, larynx, and lung cancers correct answers
carotenoids
phase I carcinogen activating enzymes correct answers cytophrome P450. possibly inhibted
by plant foods
phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes correct answers glutathione S transferase
effects of phytochemicals in plant foods correct answers effects cell cycle regulation,
angiogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, inflammation
epigenetic effect correct answers changes in gene expression that occur without mutations
that change genetic sequencing
ENLIGHTENED QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS!!!
Proportion of preventable cancers by diet and physical activity correct answers 1/3
Body fatness is correlated to which types of cancer? correct answers esophagus
(adenocarcinoma), pancreas, colorectal, breast (postmenopause), endometrium, and kidney.
Likely a cause of gallbladder. 20% of these cancers in US are 2/2 overweight and obesity.
mechanisms by which body fatness influences cancer risk correct answers Insulin resistance,
increased estrogen production, hormone production (leptin), decreased adiponectin, chronic
low grade inflammation, impaired immune response
insulin resistance and cancer risk correct answers Increased levels of insulin and bioactive
IGF-1. IGF-1 can stimulate a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway promoting cancer cell
reproduction and inhibiting apoptosis
Obesity, estrogen, and cancer correct answers Adipose is the primary site of estrogen
production in postmenopausal women. Obesity increases bioavailability of estrogen.
Increased levels of bioavailable estrogen is associated w/ endometrial cancer and
postmenopausal breast cancer
Leptin and cancer correct answers Increased leptin levels in o dairy may promote cell
proliferation and angiogenesis Whirleyball inhibiting apoptosis
Obesity, inflammation and cancer correct answers Obesity is associated w/ chronic low grade
inflammation promoting cancer development through elevation in DNA damaging free
radicals and cell to cell signaling protein
waist circumference correct answers measure of abdominal fatness, which measures both
subcutaneous and more metabolically active visceral fat. Associated with hyperinsulinemia
and increased inflammation
cancers associated with abdominal fatness correct answers colorectal, endometrial, breast
(postmenopausal), pancreas
waist circumference for women correct answers <31.5
waist circumference for men correct answers <35
body fatness and breast cancer correct answers potential benefit of overweight and obesity for
protection of premenopausal breast cancer is outweighed by increased risk for
postmenopausal breast cancer and other chronic diseases
physical activity protects against which cancers correct answers colon, breast, endometrial.
Also indirectectly protects against other cancers by reducing incidence of obesity
, American Cancer Society physical activity recommendations correct answers 150 mins of
physical activity or 75 mins of vigorous activity per week. 1 hr/day for children or
adolescents and 3 days/week of vigorous activity
AICR/WCRF physical activity recommendations correct answers 30 mins/day of moderate
activity, or 60mins+/day or 30 mins vigorous activity for increased protection
mechanisms physical activity may reduce cancer risk correct answers reduced weight gain
and wt maintenance, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin levels, decreased levels
of bioactive sex steroid hormones, more rapid gut transit time reducing exposure of colon to
carcinogens, improved immune function
low energy density foods correct answers protects against wt gain and obesity. Vegetables,
fruit, foods containing dietary fiber
energy density correct answers how concentrated foods are in kcal. defined as kcal per gram
or per 100 grams of food. Foods high in energy density are high in fat or sugar Foods low in
energy density are high in water content and/or fiber
sugar sweetened beverages correct answers low in energy density d/t high water content.
Research supports limiting to reduce kcal consumption and promote wt loss
kcal from beverages correct answers body may be less able to recognize or compensate for
kcal in beverage form than solid foods contributing to long term energy surplus and wt gain
cancers protected from nonstarchy fruits and vegetables correct answers pharynx, larynx,
esophagus, stomach, lung
allium vegetables - examples and cancer protection correct answers garlic, onions, leeks.
Protect against cancers of the stomach cancer
foods protecting against colorectal cancer correct answers whole grains, garlic
nutrients protecting against prostate cancer correct answers selenium, lycopene
nutrients protecting against esophageal cancer correct answers vitamin C, beta carotene
nutrients protecting against mouth, pharynx, larynx, and lung cancers correct answers
carotenoids
phase I carcinogen activating enzymes correct answers cytophrome P450. possibly inhibted
by plant foods
phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes correct answers glutathione S transferase
effects of phytochemicals in plant foods correct answers effects cell cycle regulation,
angiogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, inflammation
epigenetic effect correct answers changes in gene expression that occur without mutations
that change genetic sequencing
