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psychoactive substance - -substance that alters thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors
Commonly referred to as "drugs"
These substances can range from:
legal (e.g. Caffeine, Nicotine)
to prescription (e.g. Valium, Vicodin)
to illegal (e.g. LSD) drugs
Two types of substance-related disorders - -Substance Use Disorders are
characterized by:
Impaired control
Social impairment
Risky use
Tolerance/withdrawal
Substance Induced Disorders:
Are characterized by
Intoxication and withdrawal
Substance/medication induced mental disorders
Impaired control - -Substances used in larger amounts or for longer periods of time
than intended
Expresses desire to stop using substances, but reports an inability to do so (e.g. frequent
relapses)
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, Spends a great deal of time obtaining and using substances as well as and recovering from
its effects
Craves substances often
Social impairment - -Recurrent substance use may result in a failure to fulfill major
obligations at work, school or home
Important activities may be given up because of substance use
Continued use of substances despite interpersonal issues that are caused by or
exacerbated by substance use
risky use - -Continued use of substance despite knowledge that substances may be
physiologically or psychologically impairing (e.g. drinking even when the individual knows it
is bad for their liver problems)
Recurrent substance use in situations where it's physically hazardous (e.g. driving drunk)
tolerance - -o With repeated use of a substance, the nervous system becomes less
sensitive to the physiological effects of that substance over time
o That means more use of the substance is required in order to obtain the same level of
intoxication
For example: You now need to drink 1 bottle of wine to get the same 'high' you used to get
from drinking 2 glasses
withdrawal - -Set of physiological symptoms a person experiences when drug use is
stopped or decreased (specific symptoms depend on substance)
Withdrawal symptoms for nicotine include: irritability, jitteriness/muscle tremors, insomnia
and nausea
Withdrawal symptoms for alcohol in the most severe cases include: convulsions,
hallucinations, and possibly alcohol withdrawal delirium
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Typically not seen with cannabis or hallucinogens
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