FMST 210 Final Questions with Correct Detailed
Answers. Latest Update.
Cognitive Theory, and which two examples? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Development and behavior
are a result of thought and cognition; Piaget's Cog Dev Theory and Info. Processing Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory and two examples -CORRECT ANS-.>>Development and behavior are
the result of interplay of inner drives, memories, and conflicts that we are unaware of and
cannot control. Behavior is internally driven. Freud's Psychosexual and Erikson's Psychosocial
Freud's Psychosexual and Stages -CORRECT ANS-.>>Behavior is driven by unconscious
impulses for physical gratification outside of our awareness (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and
Genital)
Erikson's Psychosocial -CORRECT ANS-.>>Role of the social world, society, and culture in
shaping development (how we see ourselves and in relation w others) (Trust vs mistrust;
autonomy vs shame and doubt; initiative vs guilt; industry vs inferiority; identity vs role
confusion; intimacy vs isolation; generativity vs stagnation; integrity vs despair)
Behaviorist (Operant Conditioning) -CORRECT ANS-.>>Behavior becomes more or less
probable depending on its consequences (exhibit or stop certain behaviors depending on the
rewards and punishments you get)
Behaviorist (Social Learning) and two types -CORRECT ANS-.>>Actively process info, and
thoughts and feelings influence their behaviors; observational learning and reciprocal
determinism
Piaget's Cog-Dev Theory and Stages -CORRECT ANS-.>>Children and adults are active
explorers of their world; sort new info learned into schemas which influences our behavior
(Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational)
Information Processing Theory -CORRECT ANS-.>>We behave the way we do because we
have processed what we've learned in a certain way which influence sour behavior (Mind is like
a computer)
Sociocultural Systems, and two examples -CORRECT ANS-.>>Emphasizes the role of
sociocultural context in development; behaviors are influenced by the contexts we live in
(societal, cultural, neighborhood and familial). Vygotsky's Sociocultural Sys. and
Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Sys.
Maternal Characteristics and Behaviors -CORRECT ANS-.>>Age (over 35=high risk), Nutrition
(access to nutrients like folic acid), Emotional Well Being (chronic severe stress risk to fetus),
and access to pre-natal care (basic services that improve pregnancy outcomes)
Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing -CORRECT ANS-.>>Nutrition (a protein in fat storage
triggers menstruation) and stress (poor/harsh family relationships, high anxiety, sexual abuse,
parental marital conflict)
Psychosocial Effects of Early and Late Puberty -CORRECT ANS-.>>Can cause anxiety,
depression, low self-esteem, even eating disorders. Early Maturation= more problems than late:
, Ages of early and late puberty on children? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Early is 8 for girls and 9; Late
is 13 for girls and 14 for boys
Problems associated w early maturation -CORRECT ANS-.>>Seek out relationships w older
peers, more likely to engage in risky behaviors (drink, smoke, sex -> teen abortion pregnancy
birth and parenting)
Parent Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment -CORRECT ANS-.>>No good knowledge of
standard child development, no problem-solving or coping skills, no impulse control, and
unrealistic expectations of child's behavior. Living in poverty, w drug/alcohol abuse, or marital
instability.
Marijuana Use in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood -CORRECT ANS-.>>Canada Avg. Age
of 1st Use: 14 yrs old; men more likely to use as it is perceived less risky, and are more likely to
drive a car after use.
Short-term negative effects of cannabis -CORRECT ANS-.>>Impaired executive function
(problem-solving, abstract thinking, impulse control), impaired memory, impaired recall,
impaired attention.
Guided Participation (Vygotsky) -CORRECT ANS-.>>More skilled partner helps child by talking
them through the process to accomplish something (strictly verbal aid)
Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky) -CORRECT ANS-.>>Gap between what a child can
do by themselves and what they can do with assistance (scaffolding and guided participation
occur here)
What are the three parts of the information processing system? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Sensory
Memory, Working (Short-Term) Memory, and long-term memory
What happens in Sensory Memory? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Holds incoming sensory info in its
original form; triggers one of the 5 senses; fades quickly if not moved to working memory
What happens in Working Memory? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Holds and processes info that is being
worked on: manipulated, encoded, or retrieved
Two elements of working memory and their functions -CORRECT ANS-.>>Directed by Central
Executive (determines the flow and what to do with info) and carried out by Executive Function
(cognitive process of understanding info, making decisions, problem-solving, goal-setting,
inhibiting impulses).
What is Long-Term Memory? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Unlimited store that holds info indefinitely;
sometimes retrieved by working memory
Information Processing in Adolescence - Risk-taking Behaviors -CORRECT ANS-
.>>Adolescents more likely to engage in risky behavior since they consider only benefits and not
risks associated w an action. More responsive to positive feedback (Do it) than negative. Limbic
system drives actions by of under developed pre frontal cortex
Large Cohort Effects in Intelligence - the Flynn Effect -CORRECT ANS-.>>Widespread increase
in fluid IQ with each generation (3 IQ points/ decade) due to increased access to education and
advances in technology
Answers. Latest Update.
Cognitive Theory, and which two examples? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Development and behavior
are a result of thought and cognition; Piaget's Cog Dev Theory and Info. Processing Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory and two examples -CORRECT ANS-.>>Development and behavior are
the result of interplay of inner drives, memories, and conflicts that we are unaware of and
cannot control. Behavior is internally driven. Freud's Psychosexual and Erikson's Psychosocial
Freud's Psychosexual and Stages -CORRECT ANS-.>>Behavior is driven by unconscious
impulses for physical gratification outside of our awareness (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and
Genital)
Erikson's Psychosocial -CORRECT ANS-.>>Role of the social world, society, and culture in
shaping development (how we see ourselves and in relation w others) (Trust vs mistrust;
autonomy vs shame and doubt; initiative vs guilt; industry vs inferiority; identity vs role
confusion; intimacy vs isolation; generativity vs stagnation; integrity vs despair)
Behaviorist (Operant Conditioning) -CORRECT ANS-.>>Behavior becomes more or less
probable depending on its consequences (exhibit or stop certain behaviors depending on the
rewards and punishments you get)
Behaviorist (Social Learning) and two types -CORRECT ANS-.>>Actively process info, and
thoughts and feelings influence their behaviors; observational learning and reciprocal
determinism
Piaget's Cog-Dev Theory and Stages -CORRECT ANS-.>>Children and adults are active
explorers of their world; sort new info learned into schemas which influences our behavior
(Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational)
Information Processing Theory -CORRECT ANS-.>>We behave the way we do because we
have processed what we've learned in a certain way which influence sour behavior (Mind is like
a computer)
Sociocultural Systems, and two examples -CORRECT ANS-.>>Emphasizes the role of
sociocultural context in development; behaviors are influenced by the contexts we live in
(societal, cultural, neighborhood and familial). Vygotsky's Sociocultural Sys. and
Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Sys.
Maternal Characteristics and Behaviors -CORRECT ANS-.>>Age (over 35=high risk), Nutrition
(access to nutrients like folic acid), Emotional Well Being (chronic severe stress risk to fetus),
and access to pre-natal care (basic services that improve pregnancy outcomes)
Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing -CORRECT ANS-.>>Nutrition (a protein in fat storage
triggers menstruation) and stress (poor/harsh family relationships, high anxiety, sexual abuse,
parental marital conflict)
Psychosocial Effects of Early and Late Puberty -CORRECT ANS-.>>Can cause anxiety,
depression, low self-esteem, even eating disorders. Early Maturation= more problems than late:
, Ages of early and late puberty on children? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Early is 8 for girls and 9; Late
is 13 for girls and 14 for boys
Problems associated w early maturation -CORRECT ANS-.>>Seek out relationships w older
peers, more likely to engage in risky behaviors (drink, smoke, sex -> teen abortion pregnancy
birth and parenting)
Parent Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment -CORRECT ANS-.>>No good knowledge of
standard child development, no problem-solving or coping skills, no impulse control, and
unrealistic expectations of child's behavior. Living in poverty, w drug/alcohol abuse, or marital
instability.
Marijuana Use in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood -CORRECT ANS-.>>Canada Avg. Age
of 1st Use: 14 yrs old; men more likely to use as it is perceived less risky, and are more likely to
drive a car after use.
Short-term negative effects of cannabis -CORRECT ANS-.>>Impaired executive function
(problem-solving, abstract thinking, impulse control), impaired memory, impaired recall,
impaired attention.
Guided Participation (Vygotsky) -CORRECT ANS-.>>More skilled partner helps child by talking
them through the process to accomplish something (strictly verbal aid)
Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky) -CORRECT ANS-.>>Gap between what a child can
do by themselves and what they can do with assistance (scaffolding and guided participation
occur here)
What are the three parts of the information processing system? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Sensory
Memory, Working (Short-Term) Memory, and long-term memory
What happens in Sensory Memory? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Holds incoming sensory info in its
original form; triggers one of the 5 senses; fades quickly if not moved to working memory
What happens in Working Memory? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Holds and processes info that is being
worked on: manipulated, encoded, or retrieved
Two elements of working memory and their functions -CORRECT ANS-.>>Directed by Central
Executive (determines the flow and what to do with info) and carried out by Executive Function
(cognitive process of understanding info, making decisions, problem-solving, goal-setting,
inhibiting impulses).
What is Long-Term Memory? -CORRECT ANS-.>>Unlimited store that holds info indefinitely;
sometimes retrieved by working memory
Information Processing in Adolescence - Risk-taking Behaviors -CORRECT ANS-
.>>Adolescents more likely to engage in risky behavior since they consider only benefits and not
risks associated w an action. More responsive to positive feedback (Do it) than negative. Limbic
system drives actions by of under developed pre frontal cortex
Large Cohort Effects in Intelligence - the Flynn Effect -CORRECT ANS-.>>Widespread increase
in fluid IQ with each generation (3 IQ points/ decade) due to increased access to education and
advances in technology
