Bio 252 Final Exam Chamberlain LV
3 types of papillae - ANSVallate, fungiform, foliate
5 primary tastes - ANS-sour
-sweet
-bitter
-salt
-umami
Abducens (VI) - ANSmovement of eyeballs/eye abduction (motor)
absolute refactory period - ANSanother stimulus can come in and nothing happens
Accessory (XI): Sternocleidomastoid and ANSTrapezius (Motor) shake one's head and
shrug one's shoulders. actin - ANSDuring active muscle contraction, myosin heads bind to
the protein _______________.
actin,myosin - ANSIn a given muscle fiber, the thin filaments are known as _____________,
and the thick filaments are known as _____________.
Action of Lipid-Soluble Hormones - ANS1. Hormone diffuses through phospholipid bilayer &
into cell
2. Binds to receptor turning on/off specific genes
3. The formation of new mRNA directs the synthesis of new proteins. 4. New protein alters
cell's activity
Action Potentials - ANSa sequence of rapidly occurring events that decrease and reverse
the membrane potential and then eventually restore it to the resting state
***allow communication over short and long distances
The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive disease
that gradually affects memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functions and makes it
impossible to care for oneself. anterior cavity of eye - ANSbetween cornea and lens, filled
with aqueous humor
helps maintain shape of eyeball
supplies O2 and nutrients to lens and cornea
astigmatism - ANSblurred or distorted vision
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - ANSa disorder characterized by
restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity
Auditory association area (22) - ANSallows you to recognize a particular sound as speech,
music, or noise
autocrines - ANSlocal hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them
axon - ANSthe extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
axon hillock - ANStrigger zone
basal stem cells - ANSundergo mitosis to replace specific cells
Between the pia and arachnoid mater - ANSWhere does CSF circulate?
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - ANSprotects brain from harmful substances
Brachial Plexus - ANSC5-T1
provides almost the entire nerve supply to the shoulders and upper limbs
Brachial Plexus: median = C5-T1 - ANSflexors of forearm
, Brachial Plexus: radial = C5-T1 - ANStriceps brachii
Brachial Plexus: ulnar = C8-T1 - ANSflexor carpi ulnaris (funny bone)
Brain protection - ANS1. cranial bones
2. cranial meninges (pia, arachnoid, duramater)
3. CSF
4. BBB
brain tumor - ANSabnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges
Brainstem - ANSmedulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Broca's speech area (44,45) - ANSinitiates impulses that result in speech
-stroke = clear thoughts but cannot form words
calcium - ANS________________ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and plays a
key role in active muscle contraction
cell body - ANSreceives stimuli and produces EPSPs and IPSPs through activation of ligand
gated ion channels
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSbrain and spinal cord
cerebral cortex - ANSouter region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray
matter of the brain
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANSa liquid that protects the brain and spinal cord against
chemical and physical injuries and it carries oxygen, glucose, and other important
substances from the blood to nervous tissue cells
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - ANSa.k.a. "Stroke". Brain damage caused by a lack of
blood supply ceruminous glands - ANSproduce ear wax
Chemoreceptors - ANSrespond to chemicals
choroid - ANSprovides blood supply and absorbs scattered light
ciliary body - ANSproduces aqueous humor
near or far vision
Classification of Neurons - ANSsensory: afferent neurons
Inter = association neurons
motor= efferent neurons
cochlea (snail) - ANStranslates vibrations into neural impulses that the brain can interpret as
sound
common integrative area (5,7,39,40) - ANSbordered by somatosensory, visual, and auditory
association areas.
- receives nerve impulses from these areas and from the primary gustatory area, primary
olfactory area, the thalamus, and parts of the brain stem.
- integrates sensory interpretations from the association areas and impulses from other
areas, allowing the formation of thoughts based on a variety of sensory inputs. It then
transmits signals to other parts of the brain for the appropriate response to the sensory
signals it has interpreted.
Components of Skeletal Muscle (Lg to Sm) - ANS1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Fascicle
3. Muscle Fiber (cell)
4. Myofibrol
5. Filaments
cones - ANSproduce color vision
conjunctiva - ANSthin, protective mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covers the sclara
Continuous conduction - ANS-step by step depolarization and repolarization
-unmyelenated axons/muscle fibers
3 types of papillae - ANSVallate, fungiform, foliate
5 primary tastes - ANS-sour
-sweet
-bitter
-salt
-umami
Abducens (VI) - ANSmovement of eyeballs/eye abduction (motor)
absolute refactory period - ANSanother stimulus can come in and nothing happens
Accessory (XI): Sternocleidomastoid and ANSTrapezius (Motor) shake one's head and
shrug one's shoulders. actin - ANSDuring active muscle contraction, myosin heads bind to
the protein _______________.
actin,myosin - ANSIn a given muscle fiber, the thin filaments are known as _____________,
and the thick filaments are known as _____________.
Action of Lipid-Soluble Hormones - ANS1. Hormone diffuses through phospholipid bilayer &
into cell
2. Binds to receptor turning on/off specific genes
3. The formation of new mRNA directs the synthesis of new proteins. 4. New protein alters
cell's activity
Action Potentials - ANSa sequence of rapidly occurring events that decrease and reverse
the membrane potential and then eventually restore it to the resting state
***allow communication over short and long distances
The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive disease
that gradually affects memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functions and makes it
impossible to care for oneself. anterior cavity of eye - ANSbetween cornea and lens, filled
with aqueous humor
helps maintain shape of eyeball
supplies O2 and nutrients to lens and cornea
astigmatism - ANSblurred or distorted vision
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - ANSa disorder characterized by
restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity
Auditory association area (22) - ANSallows you to recognize a particular sound as speech,
music, or noise
autocrines - ANSlocal hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them
axon - ANSthe extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
axon hillock - ANStrigger zone
basal stem cells - ANSundergo mitosis to replace specific cells
Between the pia and arachnoid mater - ANSWhere does CSF circulate?
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - ANSprotects brain from harmful substances
Brachial Plexus - ANSC5-T1
provides almost the entire nerve supply to the shoulders and upper limbs
Brachial Plexus: median = C5-T1 - ANSflexors of forearm
, Brachial Plexus: radial = C5-T1 - ANStriceps brachii
Brachial Plexus: ulnar = C8-T1 - ANSflexor carpi ulnaris (funny bone)
Brain protection - ANS1. cranial bones
2. cranial meninges (pia, arachnoid, duramater)
3. CSF
4. BBB
brain tumor - ANSabnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges
Brainstem - ANSmedulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Broca's speech area (44,45) - ANSinitiates impulses that result in speech
-stroke = clear thoughts but cannot form words
calcium - ANS________________ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and plays a
key role in active muscle contraction
cell body - ANSreceives stimuli and produces EPSPs and IPSPs through activation of ligand
gated ion channels
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSbrain and spinal cord
cerebral cortex - ANSouter region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray
matter of the brain
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANSa liquid that protects the brain and spinal cord against
chemical and physical injuries and it carries oxygen, glucose, and other important
substances from the blood to nervous tissue cells
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - ANSa.k.a. "Stroke". Brain damage caused by a lack of
blood supply ceruminous glands - ANSproduce ear wax
Chemoreceptors - ANSrespond to chemicals
choroid - ANSprovides blood supply and absorbs scattered light
ciliary body - ANSproduces aqueous humor
near or far vision
Classification of Neurons - ANSsensory: afferent neurons
Inter = association neurons
motor= efferent neurons
cochlea (snail) - ANStranslates vibrations into neural impulses that the brain can interpret as
sound
common integrative area (5,7,39,40) - ANSbordered by somatosensory, visual, and auditory
association areas.
- receives nerve impulses from these areas and from the primary gustatory area, primary
olfactory area, the thalamus, and parts of the brain stem.
- integrates sensory interpretations from the association areas and impulses from other
areas, allowing the formation of thoughts based on a variety of sensory inputs. It then
transmits signals to other parts of the brain for the appropriate response to the sensory
signals it has interpreted.
Components of Skeletal Muscle (Lg to Sm) - ANS1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Fascicle
3. Muscle Fiber (cell)
4. Myofibrol
5. Filaments
cones - ANSproduce color vision
conjunctiva - ANSthin, protective mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covers the sclara
Continuous conduction - ANS-step by step depolarization and repolarization
-unmyelenated axons/muscle fibers
