Anthropology 2B Introduction to
biological Anthropology- Final review
Questions and Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Microevolution - Answer: below species level
Macroevolution - Answer: above species level
Taxonomy - Answer: categories of hierarchal organization
Taxonomy categories (in order) - Answer: Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(Kevin please come over for gay sex); taxonomies reflect evolutionary relationships
Binomial nomenclature - Answer: Genus species, genus species, genus species subspecies or G.
species
Biological species - Answer: group of naturally interbreeding populations that are
reproductively isolated from other such groups
Speciation - Answer: macroevolutionary process: one species splits into two
Extrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms - Answer: factors producing geographic isolation
(EG movement of tectonic plates)
Intrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms - Answer: factors independent of the environment,
that prevent successful mating and production of viable offspring (pre-zygotic (before sperm
meets egg) and post-zygotic(after sperm meets egg))
, fundamental principle of natural selection - Answer: corollary, the fate of all evolutionary
lineage is extinction
types of evolutionary change - Answer: anagenesis (gradual evolutionary change) and
cladogenesis (speciation, split of one species into two)
Pace of evolutionary change - Answer: Phyletic gradualism (small gradual change) or
punctuated (by rapid change) equilibrium (nothing for a long time, sudden, drastic change,
repeat)
Adaptive radiation - Answer: Rapid expansion and diversification of a group of organism as they
adapt to newly available ecological space
generalized organisms - Answer: able to exploit a wide range of habitats/ wide ecological niches
specialized organisms - Answer: has a very defined ecological niche/ can only live in a certain
kind of environment
phylogenetic relationships - Answer: anatomical similarity, analogy and homology
anatomical similarity - Answer: the more similar they are the more likely they are to be more
closely related; more recent common ancestor
analogy - Answer: independent evolution; most recent common ancestor did not have the
developed structure, structure function is the same (wings in insects and birds)
convergence - Answer: similar traits evolved independently
biological Anthropology- Final review
Questions and Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Microevolution - Answer: below species level
Macroevolution - Answer: above species level
Taxonomy - Answer: categories of hierarchal organization
Taxonomy categories (in order) - Answer: Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(Kevin please come over for gay sex); taxonomies reflect evolutionary relationships
Binomial nomenclature - Answer: Genus species, genus species, genus species subspecies or G.
species
Biological species - Answer: group of naturally interbreeding populations that are
reproductively isolated from other such groups
Speciation - Answer: macroevolutionary process: one species splits into two
Extrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms - Answer: factors producing geographic isolation
(EG movement of tectonic plates)
Intrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms - Answer: factors independent of the environment,
that prevent successful mating and production of viable offspring (pre-zygotic (before sperm
meets egg) and post-zygotic(after sperm meets egg))
, fundamental principle of natural selection - Answer: corollary, the fate of all evolutionary
lineage is extinction
types of evolutionary change - Answer: anagenesis (gradual evolutionary change) and
cladogenesis (speciation, split of one species into two)
Pace of evolutionary change - Answer: Phyletic gradualism (small gradual change) or
punctuated (by rapid change) equilibrium (nothing for a long time, sudden, drastic change,
repeat)
Adaptive radiation - Answer: Rapid expansion and diversification of a group of organism as they
adapt to newly available ecological space
generalized organisms - Answer: able to exploit a wide range of habitats/ wide ecological niches
specialized organisms - Answer: has a very defined ecological niche/ can only live in a certain
kind of environment
phylogenetic relationships - Answer: anatomical similarity, analogy and homology
anatomical similarity - Answer: the more similar they are the more likely they are to be more
closely related; more recent common ancestor
analogy - Answer: independent evolution; most recent common ancestor did not have the
developed structure, structure function is the same (wings in insects and birds)
convergence - Answer: similar traits evolved independently
