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Test bank for massage therapy principles and practice 7th edition salvo all chapters 1-30
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations
Salvo: Massage Therapy, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy
d. Massage therapy
ANS: D
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or simply rubbing.
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
a. Tao Te Ching
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b. Nei Ching
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum
ANS: B
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work
contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
therapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
therapies, manual and energetic.
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the
Ayur-Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable
healing procedure.
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure
of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
acupuncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy;
shiatsu therapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and
feet.
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
a. Galen b.
Celsus c.
Rhazes
d. Hippocrates
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ANS: D
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or “rubbing.” His works are collectively
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of
modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to
patients.
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
the East and the West?
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C
A text entitled or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
the West.
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat
dislocated joints and other orthopedic conditions.
12. Who fwas fthe ffirst fknown fscientist fto fdemonstrate fthat fblood fcirculation fdue fto
fmuscular fcontraction fof fthe fheart?
a. f f f Paré
b. f f f Galen
c. f f f Harvey
d. f f f Mezger
ANS: f f C
English fscientist fWilliam fHarvey f(1578–1657) fdiscovered fthe fcirculation fof fblood fin
f1628. fHarvey fobserved fthe fhearts fof fliving fanimals fand fdetermined fthat fmuscular
fcontraction
(systole) fpumped fblood fthrough farteries fand fveins. fThis fdiscovery fenhanced fthe
facceptance fof fmassage fas fa ftherapeutic fmeasure.
13. f f f Who fdeveloped fthe fSwedish fMovement fCure, fwhich fincluded fthe fuse fof fmassage?
a. f f f Johann fMezger
b. f f f Pehr fH. fLing
c. f f f George fHenry fTaylor
d. f f f John fHarvey fKellogg
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ANS: f f B
Ling fdeveloped fhis fown fsystem fof fmedical for fSwedish fgymnastics fand fexercise, fknown fas
fthe
Ling fSystem, fSwedish fMovements, for fSwedish fMovement fCure. fThe fterm fSwedish
fmassage
was fused fto fdescribe fthe fmassage fcomponent fof fLing’s fsystem.
14. f f f Which fterm fdescribes fa fcomponent fof fthe fLing fSystem?
a. f f f Shiatsu
b. f f f Ayurveda
c. f f f Thai fmassage
d. f f f Swedish fmassage
ANS: f f D
The fterm f“Swedish fmassage” fwas fused fto fdescribe fthe fmassage fcomponent fof fLing’s
fsystem. fFor fthis freason, fLing fis foften fregarded fas fthe ffather fof fSwedish fmassage.
15. f f f Which findividual fis fcredited fwith fhaving fintroduced fFrench fterms fstill fin fuse fto
fdescribe fmassage ftechniques?
a. f f f Johann
fMezger fb. f f
f William fHarvey fc.
f f f Pehr fH. fLing
d. f f f Charles fTaylor
ANS: f f A
The fDutch fphysician fJohann fMezger f(1838–1909) fis fcredited fwith fhaving fintroduced fthe
fFrench fterminology fstill fused fto fdescribe fmassage ftechniques f(e.g., feffleurage,
fpétrissage, ftapotement) fthat fare fcurrently fused fin fmassage flegislation fand fmassage
fcurricula. fFrench fwas fthe finternational flanguage fin fthe fnineteenth fcentury.
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16. f f f Who fis fthe ffounder fof fmodern fnursing, fwhich fincluded fmassage fas fpart fof fcare?
a. f f f Tiffany fField
b. f f f Florence fNightingale
c. f f f Charles fFayette fTaylor
d. f f f John fHarvey fKellogg
ANS: f f B
Florence fNightingale f(1829-1910) ffrom fEngland fwas fthe ffounder fof fmodern fnursing.
fShe fassumed fpatient fcare fin fhospitals fin fTurkey fduring fthe fCrimean fWar f(1853-
1856). fShe fdeveloped fa fstandard fof fcare ffor fsoldiers, fwhich fmassage fwas fan fintegral
fpart fof.
17. f f f French fphysician fLucas-Championniere fused fmassage fand fexercise fto ftreat fsoldiers
finjured fduring fwhich fevent?
a. f f f World fWar
fI fb. f f f World
fWar fII fc. f f
f Civil fWar
d. f f f Viet fNam fWar
ANS: f f A
World fWar fI fprovided fcountless fopportunities ffor fthe fuse fof fmassage fand fexercise
fto frehabilitate finjured fsoldiers. fFrench fphysician fJust fLucas-Championniere f(1843-
1913) fadvocated ffor fthe fuse fof fmassage fand fpassive fmovements fto ftreat fsoft
ftissue finjuries, fparticularly ffractures.
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Test bank for massage therapy principles and practice 7th edition salvo all chapters 1-30
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations
Salvo: Massage Therapy, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy
d. Massage therapy
ANS: D
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or simply rubbing.
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
a. Tao Te Ching
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b. Nei Ching
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum
ANS: B
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work
contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
therapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
therapies, manual and energetic.
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the
Ayur-Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable
healing procedure.
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure
of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
acupuncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy;
shiatsu therapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and
feet.
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
a. Galen b.
Celsus c.
Rhazes
d. Hippocrates
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ANS: D
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or “rubbing.” His works are collectively
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of
modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to
patients.
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
the East and the West?
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C
A text entitled or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
the West.
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat
dislocated joints and other orthopedic conditions.
12. Who fwas fthe ffirst fknown fscientist fto fdemonstrate fthat fblood fcirculation fdue fto
fmuscular fcontraction fof fthe fheart?
a. f f f Paré
b. f f f Galen
c. f f f Harvey
d. f f f Mezger
ANS: f f C
English fscientist fWilliam fHarvey f(1578–1657) fdiscovered fthe fcirculation fof fblood fin
f1628. fHarvey fobserved fthe fhearts fof fliving fanimals fand fdetermined fthat fmuscular
fcontraction
(systole) fpumped fblood fthrough farteries fand fveins. fThis fdiscovery fenhanced fthe
facceptance fof fmassage fas fa ftherapeutic fmeasure.
13. f f f Who fdeveloped fthe fSwedish fMovement fCure, fwhich fincluded fthe fuse fof fmassage?
a. f f f Johann fMezger
b. f f f Pehr fH. fLing
c. f f f George fHenry fTaylor
d. f f f John fHarvey fKellogg
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ANS: f f B
Ling fdeveloped fhis fown fsystem fof fmedical for fSwedish fgymnastics fand fexercise, fknown fas
fthe
Ling fSystem, fSwedish fMovements, for fSwedish fMovement fCure. fThe fterm fSwedish
fmassage
was fused fto fdescribe fthe fmassage fcomponent fof fLing’s fsystem.
14. f f f Which fterm fdescribes fa fcomponent fof fthe fLing fSystem?
a. f f f Shiatsu
b. f f f Ayurveda
c. f f f Thai fmassage
d. f f f Swedish fmassage
ANS: f f D
The fterm f“Swedish fmassage” fwas fused fto fdescribe fthe fmassage fcomponent fof fLing’s
fsystem. fFor fthis freason, fLing fis foften fregarded fas fthe ffather fof fSwedish fmassage.
15. f f f Which findividual fis fcredited fwith fhaving fintroduced fFrench fterms fstill fin fuse fto
fdescribe fmassage ftechniques?
a. f f f Johann
fMezger fb. f f
f William fHarvey fc.
f f f Pehr fH. fLing
d. f f f Charles fTaylor
ANS: f f A
The fDutch fphysician fJohann fMezger f(1838–1909) fis fcredited fwith fhaving fintroduced fthe
fFrench fterminology fstill fused fto fdescribe fmassage ftechniques f(e.g., feffleurage,
fpétrissage, ftapotement) fthat fare fcurrently fused fin fmassage flegislation fand fmassage
fcurricula. fFrench fwas fthe finternational flanguage fin fthe fnineteenth fcentury.
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16. f f f Who fis fthe ffounder fof fmodern fnursing, fwhich fincluded fmassage fas fpart fof fcare?
a. f f f Tiffany fField
b. f f f Florence fNightingale
c. f f f Charles fFayette fTaylor
d. f f f John fHarvey fKellogg
ANS: f f B
Florence fNightingale f(1829-1910) ffrom fEngland fwas fthe ffounder fof fmodern fnursing.
fShe fassumed fpatient fcare fin fhospitals fin fTurkey fduring fthe fCrimean fWar f(1853-
1856). fShe fdeveloped fa fstandard fof fcare ffor fsoldiers, fwhich fmassage fwas fan fintegral
fpart fof.
17. f f f French fphysician fLucas-Championniere fused fmassage fand fexercise fto ftreat fsoldiers
finjured fduring fwhich fevent?
a. f f f World fWar
fI fb. f f f World
fWar fII fc. f f
f Civil fWar
d. f f f Viet fNam fWar
ANS: f f A
World fWar fI fprovided fcountless fopportunities ffor fthe fuse fof fmassage fand fexercise
fto frehabilitate finjured fsoldiers. fFrench fphysician fJust fLucas-Championniere f(1843-
1913) fadvocated ffor fthe fuse fof fmassage fand fpassive fmovements fto ftreat fsoft
ftissue finjuries, fparticularly ffractures.
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