FTCE ESOL Test List UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Universal Grammar - CORRECT ANSWER - Chomsky-no dialect or language is more
complex or sophisticated than the other. We are all born with the capacity to learn any language
w/o formal instruction
LAD - CORRECT ANSWER - Language Aquisition Device
Generative Grammar - CORRECT ANSWER - set of rules that could be used to produce
language
Deep Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - our ideas, what we mean-derive meaning from
social context
Surface Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - what we say or write-literal meaning of words
Natural Order Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen- grammatical structures
aquired in a predictable order, independent of the order grammar is taught
Stages of SLA - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen-Pre-production (silent period), early
production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, advanced fluency
Monitor Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen-learning is a concious process and
used to monitor spoken or written output
Input Hypothesis/Comprehensible Input - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen-i+1, language
input slightly above current level yields optimal growth
,Affective Filter - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen-mental block can be produced by
negative factors such as anxiety, low motivation, self confidence
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Vygotsky-distance
between developmental level and level of potential development. Area between independent
performance and assisted performance
Communicative Competence - CORRECT ANSWER - learner's abiity to apply and use
grammatical uses, form correct utterances and know how and when to use them appropriately
Language Interference - CORRECT ANSWER - effect of L1 on production of L2
Negative Transfer - CORRECT ANSWER - interference of previous learning inprocess of
learning something new
Interlanguage - CORRECT ANSWER - language system "inbetween" L1 & L2 that
student develops while learning the L2 but is neither L1 or L2
SUP - CORRECT ANSWER - Social underlying proficiency (conversational language)
CUP - CORRECT ANSWER - Common underlying proficiency - commonalities between
L1 & L2, skills, ideas, concepts that students learn in L1 transfer to L2
BICS - CORRECT ANSWER - Cummins-Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills -
social setting language skills
CALP - CORRECT ANSWER - Cummins-Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency -
languatge needed to acquire academic skills and concepts
, Cummins Quadrant - CORRECT ANSWER - A-cognitively undemanding/context
embedded; B-cognitively demanding/context embedded; C-cognitively undemanding/context
reduced; D-cognitively demanding/context reduced
Phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER - class of speech sounds, ie. /t/
Allophone - CORRECT ANSWER - one of a phones that make up a phoneme, ie. /t/ -> [t],
[th], [ſ]
Monothong - CORRECT ANSWER - one part vowel
Diphthong - CORRECT ANSWER - two part vowels consisting of a vowel and a glide in
same syllable
Reduced Vowel - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs in unstressed word or syllable -schwa
most common
Phonology - CORRECT ANSWER - organization of speech sounds
Homophone - CORRECT ANSWER - two words pronounced the same but different
meaning, ie. carrot & carat
Homonym - CORRECT ANSWER - two words spelled the same but that mean different
things, ie. left & left
Contrastive - CORRECT ANSWER - change of meaning by replacing one sound
(phoneme) with another
Non-Contrastive - CORRECT ANSWER - change in sound (phoneme) does not change
the meaning
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Universal Grammar - CORRECT ANSWER - Chomsky-no dialect or language is more
complex or sophisticated than the other. We are all born with the capacity to learn any language
w/o formal instruction
LAD - CORRECT ANSWER - Language Aquisition Device
Generative Grammar - CORRECT ANSWER - set of rules that could be used to produce
language
Deep Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - our ideas, what we mean-derive meaning from
social context
Surface Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - what we say or write-literal meaning of words
Natural Order Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen- grammatical structures
aquired in a predictable order, independent of the order grammar is taught
Stages of SLA - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen-Pre-production (silent period), early
production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, advanced fluency
Monitor Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen-learning is a concious process and
used to monitor spoken or written output
Input Hypothesis/Comprehensible Input - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen-i+1, language
input slightly above current level yields optimal growth
,Affective Filter - CORRECT ANSWER - Krashen-mental block can be produced by
negative factors such as anxiety, low motivation, self confidence
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Vygotsky-distance
between developmental level and level of potential development. Area between independent
performance and assisted performance
Communicative Competence - CORRECT ANSWER - learner's abiity to apply and use
grammatical uses, form correct utterances and know how and when to use them appropriately
Language Interference - CORRECT ANSWER - effect of L1 on production of L2
Negative Transfer - CORRECT ANSWER - interference of previous learning inprocess of
learning something new
Interlanguage - CORRECT ANSWER - language system "inbetween" L1 & L2 that
student develops while learning the L2 but is neither L1 or L2
SUP - CORRECT ANSWER - Social underlying proficiency (conversational language)
CUP - CORRECT ANSWER - Common underlying proficiency - commonalities between
L1 & L2, skills, ideas, concepts that students learn in L1 transfer to L2
BICS - CORRECT ANSWER - Cummins-Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills -
social setting language skills
CALP - CORRECT ANSWER - Cummins-Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency -
languatge needed to acquire academic skills and concepts
, Cummins Quadrant - CORRECT ANSWER - A-cognitively undemanding/context
embedded; B-cognitively demanding/context embedded; C-cognitively undemanding/context
reduced; D-cognitively demanding/context reduced
Phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER - class of speech sounds, ie. /t/
Allophone - CORRECT ANSWER - one of a phones that make up a phoneme, ie. /t/ -> [t],
[th], [ſ]
Monothong - CORRECT ANSWER - one part vowel
Diphthong - CORRECT ANSWER - two part vowels consisting of a vowel and a glide in
same syllable
Reduced Vowel - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs in unstressed word or syllable -schwa
most common
Phonology - CORRECT ANSWER - organization of speech sounds
Homophone - CORRECT ANSWER - two words pronounced the same but different
meaning, ie. carrot & carat
Homonym - CORRECT ANSWER - two words spelled the same but that mean different
things, ie. left & left
Contrastive - CORRECT ANSWER - change of meaning by replacing one sound
(phoneme) with another
Non-Contrastive - CORRECT ANSWER - change in sound (phoneme) does not change
the meaning
