Local Anesthesia Test 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Exogenous Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER - absorbed from the site of injection
Endogenous Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER - release of epinephrine from within
T/F
A stressed/unhappy patient has a lesser release of epi than does a normal patient who receives an
injection - CORRECT ANSWER - False
greater release
What're disadvantages to vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase blood levels of
the anesthetic
Cause inadequate depth of anesthesia
Cause short duration of anesthesia
*Increase bleeding at site of Tx
How does a vasoconstrictor counteract the vasodilation of the local anesthetic - CORRECT
ANSWER - Decreasing blood levels of local anesthesia
Improving depth of anesthesia
Prolonging duration of anesthesia
Decreasing bleeding at Tx site
T/F
Lidocaine and Articaine have significant vasodilation while Mepivacaine and Prilocaine have
minimal vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER - True
,Does 4% Prilocaine and 3% Mepivacaine require a vasoconstrictor? - CORRECT
ANSWER - No
What are the two vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetic drugs - CORRECT
ANSWER - Epinephrine
Levonordefrin (only in Mepivacaine
What does an adrenergic/sympathomimetics drug do? - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate
adrenergic receptors
increase heart rate
contraction of blood vessels
dilate air passages
What are the two major groups of adrenergic receptors - CORRECT ANSWER - Alpha
and Beta
Alpha Receptors - CORRECT ANSWER - activation causes vasoconstriction of the
smooth muscle walls of blood vessels
T/F
Alpha is less sensitive to epi than Beta - CORRECT ANSWER - True
which means it needs a higher dose to produce desired vasoconstriction
What does activation of Beta 1 receptors in myocardium cause? - CORRECT ANSWER -
increase heart rate
increase systolic pressure
increase cardiac output
cardiac arrhythmias
,What effect does epi have with pacemaker cells - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate beta 2
receptors = increase incidence of dysrhythmias
What effect does epi have on blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - small dose-
increase systolic
high dose- increase diastolic
What effect does epi have on coronary arteries - CORRECT ANSWER - dilation of
coronary arteries
What effect does epi have on the cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWER - Beta 1
effects
overall decrease in cardiac efficiency
What effect does epi have on the vascular system - CORRECT ANSWER - both A and B2
effect
smaller dose- B2 vasodilation
higher dose- A vasoconstriction
What effect dose epi have on the metabolic system - CORRECT ANSWER - inhibits
insulin secretion ~ raising blood sugar
What effect dose epi have on the CNS - CORRECT ANSWER - normal dose- does not
stimulate CNS
overdose- anxiety, nausea, weakness, tremor
What effect does epi have on Hemostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - high doses stimulate
alpha receptors resulting in vasoconstriction
, Epi's mechanism of Action on the respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER - bronchial
dilation
tx for acute asthma and anaphylactic reactions
What is Epinephrine structurally identical to? - CORRECT ANSWER - The naturally
occurring catecholamine epinephrine/ adrenalin
How is the concentration of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics referred to as - CORRECT
ANSWER - referred to in a ratio
What is the ratio for 1 mg of epi in 1 mL of LA solution? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1:1000
epi = 1mg/mL (most concentrated)
Which ratio of solution has the least epinephrine? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1:200,000
What is 1:50,000 epi used to achieve? - CORRECT ANSWER - hemostasis only
can cause sloughing of tissue
What is 1:100,000 used to achieve? - CORRECT ANSWER - effective tissue
What is 1:200,000 epi just as effective as? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1:100,000 epi
How much epi is in one cartridge of 1:100,000 - CORRECT ANSWER - 1,000/100,000 =
0.01 mg/mL
0.01 mg/mL x 1.8mL = 0.018 mg epi in one cartridge
What is the MRD of epi for a healthy adult? - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.2mg of epi /
appointment
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Exogenous Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER - absorbed from the site of injection
Endogenous Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER - release of epinephrine from within
T/F
A stressed/unhappy patient has a lesser release of epi than does a normal patient who receives an
injection - CORRECT ANSWER - False
greater release
What're disadvantages to vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase blood levels of
the anesthetic
Cause inadequate depth of anesthesia
Cause short duration of anesthesia
*Increase bleeding at site of Tx
How does a vasoconstrictor counteract the vasodilation of the local anesthetic - CORRECT
ANSWER - Decreasing blood levels of local anesthesia
Improving depth of anesthesia
Prolonging duration of anesthesia
Decreasing bleeding at Tx site
T/F
Lidocaine and Articaine have significant vasodilation while Mepivacaine and Prilocaine have
minimal vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER - True
,Does 4% Prilocaine and 3% Mepivacaine require a vasoconstrictor? - CORRECT
ANSWER - No
What are the two vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetic drugs - CORRECT
ANSWER - Epinephrine
Levonordefrin (only in Mepivacaine
What does an adrenergic/sympathomimetics drug do? - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate
adrenergic receptors
increase heart rate
contraction of blood vessels
dilate air passages
What are the two major groups of adrenergic receptors - CORRECT ANSWER - Alpha
and Beta
Alpha Receptors - CORRECT ANSWER - activation causes vasoconstriction of the
smooth muscle walls of blood vessels
T/F
Alpha is less sensitive to epi than Beta - CORRECT ANSWER - True
which means it needs a higher dose to produce desired vasoconstriction
What does activation of Beta 1 receptors in myocardium cause? - CORRECT ANSWER -
increase heart rate
increase systolic pressure
increase cardiac output
cardiac arrhythmias
,What effect does epi have with pacemaker cells - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate beta 2
receptors = increase incidence of dysrhythmias
What effect does epi have on blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - small dose-
increase systolic
high dose- increase diastolic
What effect does epi have on coronary arteries - CORRECT ANSWER - dilation of
coronary arteries
What effect does epi have on the cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWER - Beta 1
effects
overall decrease in cardiac efficiency
What effect does epi have on the vascular system - CORRECT ANSWER - both A and B2
effect
smaller dose- B2 vasodilation
higher dose- A vasoconstriction
What effect dose epi have on the metabolic system - CORRECT ANSWER - inhibits
insulin secretion ~ raising blood sugar
What effect dose epi have on the CNS - CORRECT ANSWER - normal dose- does not
stimulate CNS
overdose- anxiety, nausea, weakness, tremor
What effect does epi have on Hemostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - high doses stimulate
alpha receptors resulting in vasoconstriction
, Epi's mechanism of Action on the respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER - bronchial
dilation
tx for acute asthma and anaphylactic reactions
What is Epinephrine structurally identical to? - CORRECT ANSWER - The naturally
occurring catecholamine epinephrine/ adrenalin
How is the concentration of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics referred to as - CORRECT
ANSWER - referred to in a ratio
What is the ratio for 1 mg of epi in 1 mL of LA solution? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1:1000
epi = 1mg/mL (most concentrated)
Which ratio of solution has the least epinephrine? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1:200,000
What is 1:50,000 epi used to achieve? - CORRECT ANSWER - hemostasis only
can cause sloughing of tissue
What is 1:100,000 used to achieve? - CORRECT ANSWER - effective tissue
What is 1:200,000 epi just as effective as? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1:100,000 epi
How much epi is in one cartridge of 1:100,000 - CORRECT ANSWER - 1,000/100,000 =
0.01 mg/mL
0.01 mg/mL x 1.8mL = 0.018 mg epi in one cartridge
What is the MRD of epi for a healthy adult? - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.2mg of epi /
appointment
