Dermatology Exam 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEE A+
Annular lesions - lesions configured in rings with central clearing (ex. tinea corporis)
Nummular lesions - circular or coinshaped lesion configuration
Target (bull's eye) lesions - lesions configured in rings with central duskiness (ex. erythema
multiforme)
Reticulated lesions - lesions configured in a lacy or networked pattern (ex. livedo reticularis)
Herpetiform lesions - lesions configured in group papules or vesicles like herpes simplex (ex.
herpes simplex)
Zosteriform lesions - lesions configured in clusters with a dermatomal distribution
Verrucous - irregular, pebbly, or rough texture (ex. warts)
Lichenification - thickening of the skin with accentuation of normal skin markings resulting from
repeated scratching or rubbing; bark-like
Induration - Deep thickening of the skin; skin has a hard resistant feeling (ex. celulitis)
Xanthomas - yellowish, waxy lesions, usually benign; idiopathic (ex. lipid disorder)
Umbilicated - central indentation of a lesion, usually viral (ex. molluscum contagiosum)
, Nikolsky sign - epidermal exfoliation with lateral pressure (ex. TEN, pemphigus vulgaris)
Auspitz sign - pinpoint bleeding after a scale is removed from a plaque (ex. psoriasis)
Koebner phenomenon - development of lesions in areas of trauma (ex. psoriasis, lichen planus)
Macule - flat, non-palpable, <1cm in diameter (ex. freckles, port win stains)
Patch - large macule, >1cm
Papule - elevated or raise, usually <1cm; can be rounded, flat-topped, and/or umbilicated; caused
by proliferation of cells in the epidermis or superficial dermis (ex. warts, insect bites)
Plaques - palpable, elevated, >1cm, caused by proliferation of epidermal and superficial dermal
cells (ex. psoriasis)
Nodules - Firm papules that extend into the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous tissue; caused by
proliferation of mid to deep dermal cells (ex. lipomas, cysts)
Vesicles - Small, fluid-filled lesions; blisters; usually <1cm in diameters (ex. herpes)
Bullae - Large, fluid-filled vesicles or blisters, >1cm in diameter (ex. burns, allergic contact
dermatitis, insect bites)
Pustules - Vesicles that contain pus; usually infected (ex. folliculitis, acne)
Urticaria - Aka. wheals or hives; elevated pruritic, and erythematous lesions; caused by local
edema (ex. drug hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic rashes)
GUARANTEE A+
Annular lesions - lesions configured in rings with central clearing (ex. tinea corporis)
Nummular lesions - circular or coinshaped lesion configuration
Target (bull's eye) lesions - lesions configured in rings with central duskiness (ex. erythema
multiforme)
Reticulated lesions - lesions configured in a lacy or networked pattern (ex. livedo reticularis)
Herpetiform lesions - lesions configured in group papules or vesicles like herpes simplex (ex.
herpes simplex)
Zosteriform lesions - lesions configured in clusters with a dermatomal distribution
Verrucous - irregular, pebbly, or rough texture (ex. warts)
Lichenification - thickening of the skin with accentuation of normal skin markings resulting from
repeated scratching or rubbing; bark-like
Induration - Deep thickening of the skin; skin has a hard resistant feeling (ex. celulitis)
Xanthomas - yellowish, waxy lesions, usually benign; idiopathic (ex. lipid disorder)
Umbilicated - central indentation of a lesion, usually viral (ex. molluscum contagiosum)
, Nikolsky sign - epidermal exfoliation with lateral pressure (ex. TEN, pemphigus vulgaris)
Auspitz sign - pinpoint bleeding after a scale is removed from a plaque (ex. psoriasis)
Koebner phenomenon - development of lesions in areas of trauma (ex. psoriasis, lichen planus)
Macule - flat, non-palpable, <1cm in diameter (ex. freckles, port win stains)
Patch - large macule, >1cm
Papule - elevated or raise, usually <1cm; can be rounded, flat-topped, and/or umbilicated; caused
by proliferation of cells in the epidermis or superficial dermis (ex. warts, insect bites)
Plaques - palpable, elevated, >1cm, caused by proliferation of epidermal and superficial dermal
cells (ex. psoriasis)
Nodules - Firm papules that extend into the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous tissue; caused by
proliferation of mid to deep dermal cells (ex. lipomas, cysts)
Vesicles - Small, fluid-filled lesions; blisters; usually <1cm in diameters (ex. herpes)
Bullae - Large, fluid-filled vesicles or blisters, >1cm in diameter (ex. burns, allergic contact
dermatitis, insect bites)
Pustules - Vesicles that contain pus; usually infected (ex. folliculitis, acne)
Urticaria - Aka. wheals or hives; elevated pruritic, and erythematous lesions; caused by local
edema (ex. drug hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic rashes)
