Biology 1001 LSUE Barton Chapter 5 & 6 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS RATED A+
What energy allows cells to form cellar work? - ATP
What is phosphorylation? - the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule
What is in ATP and ADP? - ATP = Adenosine tri phosphate
ADP =. Adenosine Di phosphate
What are enzymes? - protein catalysts that decrease the activation energy needed to begin a
reaction (shape dictates its function)
What enzymes require non protein helpers? - Inorganic Cofactors (Zn, Fe, and Cu ions) and
Organic CoEnzymes (folic acids, vitamins)
What do enzymes do? - speed up the cell's chemical reactions by lowering energy barriers
Enzyme-substrate specificity - Fits specifically in its active site
What is competitive inhibitor? - competes with substrate for active site
What is a non competitive inhibitor? - alters an enzyme's function by changing its shape.
What is feedback inhibition? - Helps regulate metabolism
Explain an advantage of feedback inhibition to a cell. - It prevents the cell from wasting valuable
resources... The actual product gives feedback to the cell to stop the process
What is a prostaglandin? - are produced in response to injury that causes pain
Examples of enzyme inhibitors? - ibuprofen, antibiotics, antidepressants, and blood pressure
medications
What determines whether enzyme inhibitors Is reversible or irreversible? - * If the inhibitor
binds to the enzyme with covalent bonds, the inhibition is usually irreversible.
* When weak chemical interactions bind inhibitor and enzyme, the inhibition is reversible
Is oxygen a reactant in cellular respiration? - Yes
What does cellular respiration do? - 1) breaks down sugar and other food molecules
2) generates ATP, the energy currency in cells
3) generates heat
, Another word for baby fat cells? - brown fat cells... generates heat to keep babies warm
Mitochondria of brown fat cells generate only? - Heat, not ATP
What is cellular respiration? - 1) is an exergonic (energy releasing)
2) can produce up to 32 ATP
3) and uses 34% of the energy (66% of food energy is released as heat
What are transport proteins? - Allow specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell
receptor proteins - senses surroundings and reiceves messages
junction proteins - form intercellular junctions that attach adjacent cells
glocoproteins - Serve as ID tags
Diffusion - is the tendency of particles to spread out evenly in an available space.
Why is diffusion across a membrane called passive transport? - The cell does not expend energy
to transport substances that are diffusing down their concentration gradients.
Osmosis - diffusion of water
Tonicity - the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
What is hypertonic? - cell shrinks
What is hypotonic? - cell swells
Do Hydrophobic substances easily diffuse across a cell membrane? - Yes
Does hydrophilic diffuse easily diffuse across a cell membrane? - No
Active transport? - a cell must expend energy to move a solute against its concentration gradient.
Can energy be created or destroyed? - No, it can only change in form.
Why is sweating and body cooling necessary? - Exercise requires so much ATP, the more we
exercise the faster we digest food and more heat is generated so we need sweating to cool the
body.
Oxidation? - loss of electrons
Reduction? - gain of electrons
ANSWERS RATED A+
What energy allows cells to form cellar work? - ATP
What is phosphorylation? - the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule
What is in ATP and ADP? - ATP = Adenosine tri phosphate
ADP =. Adenosine Di phosphate
What are enzymes? - protein catalysts that decrease the activation energy needed to begin a
reaction (shape dictates its function)
What enzymes require non protein helpers? - Inorganic Cofactors (Zn, Fe, and Cu ions) and
Organic CoEnzymes (folic acids, vitamins)
What do enzymes do? - speed up the cell's chemical reactions by lowering energy barriers
Enzyme-substrate specificity - Fits specifically in its active site
What is competitive inhibitor? - competes with substrate for active site
What is a non competitive inhibitor? - alters an enzyme's function by changing its shape.
What is feedback inhibition? - Helps regulate metabolism
Explain an advantage of feedback inhibition to a cell. - It prevents the cell from wasting valuable
resources... The actual product gives feedback to the cell to stop the process
What is a prostaglandin? - are produced in response to injury that causes pain
Examples of enzyme inhibitors? - ibuprofen, antibiotics, antidepressants, and blood pressure
medications
What determines whether enzyme inhibitors Is reversible or irreversible? - * If the inhibitor
binds to the enzyme with covalent bonds, the inhibition is usually irreversible.
* When weak chemical interactions bind inhibitor and enzyme, the inhibition is reversible
Is oxygen a reactant in cellular respiration? - Yes
What does cellular respiration do? - 1) breaks down sugar and other food molecules
2) generates ATP, the energy currency in cells
3) generates heat
, Another word for baby fat cells? - brown fat cells... generates heat to keep babies warm
Mitochondria of brown fat cells generate only? - Heat, not ATP
What is cellular respiration? - 1) is an exergonic (energy releasing)
2) can produce up to 32 ATP
3) and uses 34% of the energy (66% of food energy is released as heat
What are transport proteins? - Allow specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell
receptor proteins - senses surroundings and reiceves messages
junction proteins - form intercellular junctions that attach adjacent cells
glocoproteins - Serve as ID tags
Diffusion - is the tendency of particles to spread out evenly in an available space.
Why is diffusion across a membrane called passive transport? - The cell does not expend energy
to transport substances that are diffusing down their concentration gradients.
Osmosis - diffusion of water
Tonicity - the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
What is hypertonic? - cell shrinks
What is hypotonic? - cell swells
Do Hydrophobic substances easily diffuse across a cell membrane? - Yes
Does hydrophilic diffuse easily diffuse across a cell membrane? - No
Active transport? - a cell must expend energy to move a solute against its concentration gradient.
Can energy be created or destroyed? - No, it can only change in form.
Why is sweating and body cooling necessary? - Exercise requires so much ATP, the more we
exercise the faster we digest food and more heat is generated so we need sweating to cool the
body.
Oxidation? - loss of electrons
Reduction? - gain of electrons
