Bio202 Final Exam GCU with correct answers

Bio202 Final Exam GCU with correct
answers

3 ways filtration happens at renal corpuscle - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. fenestrated endothelium (picky)

2. lamina densa (pickier)

3. filtration slits (pickiest)

what is Glomerulonephritis - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-inflammation of the glomeruli that affects the
filtration mechanism of the kidneys

low osmolarity - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-little solute lots of water

high osmolarity - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-lots of solute little bit of water

hydrostatic pressure push or pull? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-to push

colloid osmotic pressure push or pull? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-pull

what is the GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-glomerular filtration rate; the amount of filtrate the kidneys
produce each minute

what are the 3 levels of GFR control? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. auto regulation (local level)

2. autonomic regulation (sympathetic ANS)

3. hormonal regulation (kidneys)

what can reduced blood flow trigger? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. dilation of afferent arteriole

2. dilation of glomerular capillaries

3. constriction of efferent arterioles

what if there is a rise in renal blood pressure? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. stretches walls of afferent
arterioles

2. causes juxtaglomerular cells to contract

3. constricts afferent arterioles

4. decreases glomerular blood flow

hormonal regulation of GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-RAAS and ANP/BNP

do protons raise or lower pH? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-lower, make it more acidic

does bicarbonate raise or lower the pH? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-raise, make it more basic

, in the descending limb fluid flows toward? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-renal pelvis

in the ascending limb fluid flows toward? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-renal cortex

what is the countercurrent multiplier? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Loop of Henle

4 processes of the DCT - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. acid/base balance

2. selective reabsorption of Na and Ca

3. maintenance of GFR

4. selective reabsorption of water (ADH)

3 of juxtaglomerular apparatus cell types - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. macula densa

2. juxtaglomerular cells

3. mesangial cells

what determines the final osmotic concentration and volume of urine? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-ADH

3 main organic waste products - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. Urea-breakdown of amino acids

2. Creatinine-breakdown of creatine phosphate (from cellular respiration)

3. Uric acid-waste product during recycling of RNA

What is urea synthesis? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-liver converts ammonia to urea which is removed from
blood by kidneys

What is transport maximum? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-transport rate at saturation

What is the renal threshold? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-the plasma concentration at which a specific
compound or ion begins to appear in urine

What is glycouria? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-glucose in the urine

what is aminaciduria? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-amino acids in the urine

3 P's of diabetes - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

3 triggers of RAAS - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. blood pressure changes

2. stimulation of juxtaglomerular granular cells

3. decrease in osmolarity of the tubular fluid

what does aldosterone do? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-decreases Na+ lost in urine, increases K+ loss in
urine, increases H+ loss in urine

layers of bladder???? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia???

urinary tract infection (UTI) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-second most common following respiratory
infections, bacteria first infects the urethra, then bladder, and finally the kidneys