A&P 2 LECTURE Exam 1 Study Guide QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS.
What is the effect of thyroid hormone on metabolic rate? - Thyroid hormones increase basal
metabolic rate (BMR) by stimulating the use of cellular oxygen to produce ATP. When the BMR
increases, cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein increases.
Which hormones play key regulatory roles in the body's long-term response to stress? - cortisol,
hGH,Thyroid hormone.
How are serotonin and melatonin related? - The pineal gland secretes melatonin, an immune
hormone derived from serotonin. Responsible for regulating mood and health.
Which glands secrete which hormones? - Hypothalamus : controls all
Pineal gland: secretes melatonin
posterior gland: oxtocin and testosterone .
Anterior gland: everything else.
Thyroid gland: T3 and T4, calcitonin.
What is the hypophyseal fossa, what is another name for it, and what resides therein? - Sella
Turcia, houses pituitary gland
Where is growth hormone produced and what does it do? - Anterior pituitary. Promotes synthesis
and secretion of small protein hormones called insulin like growth factors (IGF) or
somatomedins and bone growth.
Where is adrenocorticotropic hormone produced and what does it do? - Within the pituitary
gland. Secretion of cortisol and other glucocorticoids by the cortex of the adrenal gland.
What are the parts of the anterior pituitary gland? - Pars distalis and pars tubercles.
The pars distalis is the large portion and the pars tube rails forms a sheath around the
infundibrilum.
What are the normal average temperature and the normal pH range for blood? - Temp=38c
(100.4F)
PH=7.35-7.45
What is a hematocrit? What does it measure? - The percentage of total blood volume. Measures
the percentage of whole blood that is made up of RBC's.
What is blood plasma? What percentage of it is water? - The extra cellular fluid found in blood
vessels; blood minus the formed elements.
, -91.5% water
8.5% solutes
What are the three major groups of plasma proteins? Which one plays a role in disease resistance
and which one plays a role in blood clotting? - Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen
Globulins: immunoglobulins help attack viruses and bacteria. alpha and beta globulins transport
iron, lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
Fibrinogen : plays essential role in blood clotting.
What is hemopoiesis? - Process by which formed elements of blood develops.
What type of white cell produces platelets? What is another name for platelets? - Hemopoietic
stem cells
Thrombocytes
What does the hormone erythropoietin do? Where is it produced and where are its target cells? -
-Increases the number of RBC's precursors produced
-Primarily by cells in the kidneys that lie between the kidney tubules (peri tubular interstitial
cells).
Approximately how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC? How many oxygen
molecules can each hemoglobin molecule carry? How many oxygen molecules can each RBC
carry? - -Approximately how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC? 280
-How many oxygen molecules can each. Hemoglobin molecules carry? 4 oxygen
-How many oxygen molecules can each RBC carry?-1billion
-250 million hemoglobin molecule in each red blood cell.
-each hemoglobin molecule can bind 4oxygen molecules.
What is ferritin? - An iron storage protein
Which gasses do RBCs transport? - Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Which blood cells are phagocytes? - Leukocytes (White)
What is the function of platelets? - Promote blood clotting, help stop blood loss from damaged
blood vessels by forming a platelet plug.
Which blood cells are effective against parasitic worms? - Eosinophils
By what processes do leukocytes emigrate from blood vessels? - WBC's emigrate from blood
vessels through a process called emigration (diapedesis) in which they roll along the
endothelium, stick to it, and then squeeze between endothelial cells.
CORRECT ANSWERS.
What is the effect of thyroid hormone on metabolic rate? - Thyroid hormones increase basal
metabolic rate (BMR) by stimulating the use of cellular oxygen to produce ATP. When the BMR
increases, cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein increases.
Which hormones play key regulatory roles in the body's long-term response to stress? - cortisol,
hGH,Thyroid hormone.
How are serotonin and melatonin related? - The pineal gland secretes melatonin, an immune
hormone derived from serotonin. Responsible for regulating mood and health.
Which glands secrete which hormones? - Hypothalamus : controls all
Pineal gland: secretes melatonin
posterior gland: oxtocin and testosterone .
Anterior gland: everything else.
Thyroid gland: T3 and T4, calcitonin.
What is the hypophyseal fossa, what is another name for it, and what resides therein? - Sella
Turcia, houses pituitary gland
Where is growth hormone produced and what does it do? - Anterior pituitary. Promotes synthesis
and secretion of small protein hormones called insulin like growth factors (IGF) or
somatomedins and bone growth.
Where is adrenocorticotropic hormone produced and what does it do? - Within the pituitary
gland. Secretion of cortisol and other glucocorticoids by the cortex of the adrenal gland.
What are the parts of the anterior pituitary gland? - Pars distalis and pars tubercles.
The pars distalis is the large portion and the pars tube rails forms a sheath around the
infundibrilum.
What are the normal average temperature and the normal pH range for blood? - Temp=38c
(100.4F)
PH=7.35-7.45
What is a hematocrit? What does it measure? - The percentage of total blood volume. Measures
the percentage of whole blood that is made up of RBC's.
What is blood plasma? What percentage of it is water? - The extra cellular fluid found in blood
vessels; blood minus the formed elements.
, -91.5% water
8.5% solutes
What are the three major groups of plasma proteins? Which one plays a role in disease resistance
and which one plays a role in blood clotting? - Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen
Globulins: immunoglobulins help attack viruses and bacteria. alpha and beta globulins transport
iron, lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
Fibrinogen : plays essential role in blood clotting.
What is hemopoiesis? - Process by which formed elements of blood develops.
What type of white cell produces platelets? What is another name for platelets? - Hemopoietic
stem cells
Thrombocytes
What does the hormone erythropoietin do? Where is it produced and where are its target cells? -
-Increases the number of RBC's precursors produced
-Primarily by cells in the kidneys that lie between the kidney tubules (peri tubular interstitial
cells).
Approximately how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC? How many oxygen
molecules can each hemoglobin molecule carry? How many oxygen molecules can each RBC
carry? - -Approximately how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC? 280
-How many oxygen molecules can each. Hemoglobin molecules carry? 4 oxygen
-How many oxygen molecules can each RBC carry?-1billion
-250 million hemoglobin molecule in each red blood cell.
-each hemoglobin molecule can bind 4oxygen molecules.
What is ferritin? - An iron storage protein
Which gasses do RBCs transport? - Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Which blood cells are phagocytes? - Leukocytes (White)
What is the function of platelets? - Promote blood clotting, help stop blood loss from damaged
blood vessels by forming a platelet plug.
Which blood cells are effective against parasitic worms? - Eosinophils
By what processes do leukocytes emigrate from blood vessels? - WBC's emigrate from blood
vessels through a process called emigration (diapedesis) in which they roll along the
endothelium, stick to it, and then squeeze between endothelial cells.
