NUR253 / NUR 253 Exam 1 (Latest 2025 / 2026 Update): Concepts of Mental Health Nursing |Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct – Galen

NUR253 / NUR 253 Exam 1 (Latest 2025 / 2026 Update): Concepts of Mental Health Nursing |Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct – Galen ….. Which of the following five evidence-based practice (EBP) levels of collaboration sets a vision of excellence and establishes an infrastructure to accommodate EBP? A. Individual nurse level B. National level C. Regional level D. International level E. Organizational level E. Organizational level Which organization's website will the nurse access to learn the activities conducted to support evidence-based practice (EBP) at the international level? A. Sigma Theta Tau B. National Nursing Practice Network C. National Institute of Nursing Research D. American Nurses Credentialing Center A. Sigma Theta Tau Which action will a nurse manager take to promote evidence-based practice (EBP) on the care area? A. Examine policies to ensure they are evidence based B. Expect all staff to practice according to standards C. Validate the credentials of those who are conducting studies D. Ask the institutional review board to approve all evidence A. Examine policies to ensure they are evidence based Which action will the nurse manager take to facilitate the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) among nursing staff? A. Facilitate the location of evidence B. Participate as a member of an EBP project team C. Use performance criteria about EBP to evaluate staff D. Modify the mission and vision to include EBP language C. Use performance criteria about EBP to evaluate staff Which statement is an example of embracing a culture of EBP at the organizational level? A. Adding value statements about EBP to an organization's mission statement B. Mentoring a new nurse to implement EBP at the appropriate patient care level C. Joining a quality outcome committee to collaborate with other nursing professionals D. Consulting the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to locate EBP resources A. Adding value statements about EBP to an organization's mission statement TRUE or FALSE: Formulating a PICOT question is the very first step of Evidence Based Practice? A. True B. False B. False A nurse is using the PICOT model to generate an EBP question about how virtual health education, as compared to face-to-face health education, affects information retention and recall in patients ages 5 to 8 years. Which component of PICOT does information retention and recall represent? A. Patient condition of interest B. Intervention of interest C. Comparison of interest D. Outcome of interest D. Outcome of interest A nurse researcher identifies an area of concern within clinical practice. Which part of an empirical study about the issue will the nurse develop first? A. Purpose statement B. Research question C. Problem of interest D. Research problem D. Research problem The following EBP question includes all of the components of the PICOT model: In females age 18 to 25 diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, how does a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmaceutical therapy compared with pharmaceutical therapy alone affect self-reported anxiety levels after 3 months? A. True B. False A. True The nurse notes that among patients who report dissatisfaction with the effectiveness of self-administered medications, a significant number also self-report that they do not always remember to take the medications at the proper time. An appropriate purpose statement related to this problem could be "to determine if use of an electronic reminder application reduces medication self-administration errors and patient dissatisfaction levels." A. True B. False A. True In the process of narrowing a research question, which step most closely follows identification of the research problem? A. Identification of variables B. Review of the relevant literature C. Identification of a gap in clinical practice D. Formulation of a hypothesis B. Review of the relevant literature Evidence-based practice (EBP) includes three components. Which of the following is NOT a component of EBP? A. Available resources B. Best research evidence C. Clinical expertise D. Patient Preferences A. Available resources Which of the following correctly identifies the "Intervention" in the PICOT format based on the research question above? A. Understanding and coping with the emotional challenges B. Emotional and psychological support programs C. Family caregivers of patients in hospice care D. Standard care without additional support B. Emotional and psychological support programs "How does the duration of sleep impact the cognitive function of nursing students during daytime classes?" Which of the following is the independent variable in the research question? A. Nursing students B. Daytime classes C. Cognitive function D. Duration of sleep D. Duration of sleep "How does the introduction of a mindfulness meditation program affect stress levels in first-year nursing students?" Which of the following is the dependent variable in the research question? A. Introduction of a mindfulness meditation program B. First-year nursing students C. Stress levels D. Mindfulness meditation program C. Stress levels The hypothesis "There is a relationship between caffeine intake and alertness during night shifts among nursing students" is: A. Directional B. Non-directional C. Null D. Complex B. Non-directional The statement "Nursing students who exercise regularly experience lower levels of anxiety" suggests: A. A general effect without indicating a direction B. A specific cause and effect relationship C. There's no relationship between the variables D. A relationship with multiple variables interacting B. A specific cause and effect relationship Background information: You come across a research inquiry related to geriatric patients with dementia and aggressive behavior. The research question is: For geriatric patients with dementia showing aggressive behavior, how does the provision of baby dolls as a therapeutic tool compared to standard care without the provision of baby dolls affect the reduction in aggressive behaviors and increase comfort and engagement over a period of 6 months? Quiz question: Based on the PICOT format, what is the "outcome" in the research question provided? A. Geriatric patients with dementia showing aggressive behavior B. Reduction in aggressive behaviors and increased comfort and engagement C. Provision of baby dolls as a therapeutic tool D. Over a period of 6 months B. Reduction in aggressive behaviors and increased comfort and engagement Research Question: Do nursing students who exercise regularly have lower levels of anxiety compared to those who don't exercise?" Which of the following is the independent variable in the research question? A. Levels of anxiety B. Regular exercise C. Those who don't exercise D. Nursing students B. Regular exercise Research Question: "How does the frequency of clinical rotations influence the confidence level of third-year nursing students in performing clinical procedures?" Which of the following is the dependent variable in the research question? A. Third-year nursing students B. Clinical procedures C. Frequency of clinical rotations D. Confidence level D. Confidence level Research Question: "What is the relationship between caffeine intake and alertness during night shifts among nursing students?" Which of the following is the dependent variable in the research question? A. Alertness during night shifts B. Caffeine intake C. Relationship D. Nursing students A. Alertness during night shifts Which type of hypothesis is "The duration of sleep has no effect on the cognitive function of nursing students during daytime classes"? A. Complex B. Directional C. Non-directional D. Null D. Null A hypothesis that comprises multiple variables or suggests interactions among variables is termed: A. Complex B. Simple C. Non-directional D. Null A. Complex Which hypothesis suggests a specific direction or effect? A. The frequency of clinical rotations influences the confidence levels of third-year nursing students. B. Higher caffeine intake increases alertness during night shifts among nursing students. C. The introduction of a mindfulness meditation program has an effect on the stress levels of first-year nursing students. D. Regular exercise does not affect the anxiety levels of nursing students. B. Higher caffeine intake increases alertness during night shifts among nursing students. Which of the following is the purpose of a literature review? A. Clarify the importance of a research problem B. Identify a problem that has not been solved C. Identify gaps in the literature D. All of the above D. All of the above What is a main difference between a primary and secondary source of evidence? A. A secondary source presents original information by the person responsible for it B. A primary source is written by those involved in creating the information. C. Secondary sources can include original research, book chapters and conference proceedings. D. Primary sources can include editorials, reviews, summaries and textbooks. B. A primary source is written by those involved in creating the information. The nurse researcher will least likely identify which of the following as a secondary source? A. Textbook on infectious diseases B. Commentary on a study by an infectious disease specialist C. Review of infectious disease research from the past 10 years D. Report from a researcher who conducted a study D. Report from a researcher who conducted a study What is the least effective way to search a PICOT question in a database? A. Search using the boolean connector B. Search using database controlled vocabulary C. Define parameters in the search D. Type in the whole PICOT question in the database D. Type in the whole PICOT question in the database Using the Boolean operator "AND" to connect two words has what effect on the results of a keyword search of a literature database? A. It expands the results to include all articles containing either word. B. It narrows the results to include only articles that contain both words. C. It limits the results to include only articles where the two words appear side by side in phrases. D. It defines the search results by one or the other word. B. It narrows the results to include only articles that contain both words. Learning to perform a quality literature review is essential for which of the following reasons? (Select all that apply) A. Develops skills necessary for lifelong learning B. Identifies gaps in current research C. Lays the foundation for writing quality undergraduate academic papers D. Provides the basis for making best practice decisions A. Develops skills necessary for lifelong learning B. Identifies gaps in current research C. Lays the foundation for writing quality undergraduate academic papers D. Provides the basis for making best practice decisions Which of the following is an example of a primary source? A. A biography of Florence Nightingale B. An original research published study C. A nursing textbook on EBP D. A systematic review of a study B. An original research published study What is the researcher's ability to manipulate or regulate extraneous variables known as? A. Control B. Confounding C. Bias D. Probability A. Control When a research assigns subjects to groups by tossing a coin, the researcher is using which technique? A. Random selection B. Random assignment C. Bias D. Within-groups design B. Random assignment A researcher is studying absorption rates of natural and synthetic vitamins. The researcher has three groups of randomly assigned subjects: one group that will receive the natural vitamin, one group that will receive the synthetic vitamin, and a control group that will receive a placebo. Which type of quantitative design is the researcher using? A. Experimental design B. Ex post facto design C. Nonexperimental design D. Meta-analysis A. Experimental design Which factor would most likely distort the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, producing biased results? A. Use of random assignment B. Manipulation of the independent variable C. Use of between-groups design D. Presence of an extraneous variable D. Presence of an extraneous variable Participants in trials of an experimental intervention are asked to track their daily food and liquid intake during the length of the trial period. Which statement would best explain why the participants report higher-than-average water intake and lower-than-average intake of juices and sodas when compared with the general population? A. Type II error B. Hawthorne effect C. Instrumentation error D. Double-blind experimental design B. Hawthorne effect A researcher wants to see if increased screen time is associated with vision changes over time in self-reported "heavy" gamers. Which experimental design will yield the most useful data for the researcher? A. Cross-sectional study B. Retrospective design C. Longitudinal follow-up study D. Trend study C. Longitudinal follow-up study Which type of study focuses on the transmission and development of an illness based upon patient medical histories? A. Cross-sectional B. Cohort comparison C. Retrospective D. Longitudinal C. Retrospective Randomization is one way researchers can control for extraneous variables. A. True B. False A. True Which type of design would be used by researchers investigating the relationship between coping strategies used by caregivers of older adults with cognitive changes and the occurrence of abuse of older adults? A. Correlational design B. Crossover design C. Multiple experimental groups design D. Factorial design A. Correlational design During a study examining nurses' job satisfaction, the union decides to hold a strike. This is which type of threat to internal validity? A. Selection bias B. Mortality C. History D. Testing C. History For which of the following reasons would descriptive designs be referred to as exploratory studies? A. They are used to explore options when there are too many extraneous variables for an experimental design. B. They are used to explore and gather knowledge when little is known about a phenomenon. C. They provide a way to safely explore independent variables that would otherwise pose safety risks. D. They are used to explore a topic of research but do not yield enough evidence to influence nursing practice. B. They are used to explore and gather knowledge when little is known about a phenomenon. In which way does the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design differ from the classical experimental design? A. The design lacks the use of a comparison group. B. The independent variable is unable to be manipulated. C. Groups are not measured before and after an intervention D. Researchers are unable to randomly assign subjects to groups. D. Researchers are unable to randomly assign subjects to groups. All oncology nurses participating in a continuing education seminar A. Quota sampling B. Convenience sampling C. Systematic random sampling D. Multistage cluster sampling B. Conveience sampling Every 20th patient admitted to the ED between January and June 2019. The list of names was recorded in random order. A. Quota sampling B. Convenience sampling C. Systematic random sampling D. Multistage cluster sampling C. Systematic random sampling The first 20 males and the first 20 female patients admitted to the hospital with hypothermia A. Simple random sampling B. Convenience sampling C. Quota sampling D. Consecutive sampling C. Quota sampling A sample of 250 members randomly selected from a roster of the Eastern Nursing Research Society (ENRS) members A. Purposive sampling B. Simple random sampling C. Convenience sampling D. Quota sampling B. Simple random sampling Twenty-five experts in critical care nursing for a qualitative study A. Purposive sampling B. Convenience sampling C. Systematic sampling D. Consecutive sampling A. Purposive sampling Representativeness is the degree to which the elements of the sample are like the elements in the population. A. True B. False A. True Which of the following lists identifies the types of measurement in order from weakest to strongest? A. Ordinal, ratio, interval B. Nominal, ordinal, ratio C. Interval, nominal, ordinal D. Ratio, interval, nominal B. Nominal, ordinal, ratio Which of the following data would be gathered using dichotomous measurement? A. Education level (High School, Associate's, Bachelor's, Master's) B. Marital Status (Married, Single) C. Temperature in Fahrenheit D. Age in years B. Marital Status (Married, Single) Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between interval measurement and ratio measurement? A. Ratio measurement uses numeric values without fixed meaning, whereas interval measurement uses numeric values with fixed meaning. B. Ratio measurement is used for continuous data, whereas interval measurement is used for noncontinuous data. C. Interval measurement scales have an arbitrary zero point, whereas ratio measurement scales have an absolute zero point. D. Interval measurement uses numeric values with equal intervals, whereas ratio measurement uses numeric values with unequal intervals. C. Interval measurement scales have an arbitrary zero point, whereas ratio measurement scales have an absolute zero point. In a study examining the level of empathy communicated by participants, which type of measurement would be used if researchers categorized responses into "low," "moderate," and "high" levels of empathy? A. Interval B. Ratio C. Nominal D. Ordinal D. Ordinal Which three attributes are used to determine the reliability of an instrument? A. Equivalence, stability, and internal consistency B. Stability, validity, and accuracy C. Stability, equivalence, and validity D. Validity, accuracy, and internal consistency A. Equivalence, stability, and internal consistency A researcher is planning a quantitative study on blood pressure and will utilize five research assistants to collect data. To ensure best practice, what format will the researcher use to train the research assistants? A. No specific training is required if all assistants know how to take a blood pressure. B. All assistants should receive a detailed email with data collection directions, including pictures. C. All assistants should be trained to take blood pressure readings in a consistent manner using the same instruments. D. All assistants should be trained by local expert healthcare professionals in their own clinical area. C. All assistants should be trained to take blood pressure readings in a consistent manner using the same instruments. Which of the following statements describes internal consistency of an instrument? A. The same scores occur with repeated measures. B. All items on the instrument measure the same concept. C. There is agreement when different forms or different raters use the instrument. D. A strong positive correlation occurs when different versions of a new instrument are used. A. The same scores occur with repeated measures. An instrument that demonstrates reliability also shows validity. A. True B. False B. False An advantage of focus groups is that participants are always comfortable sharing personal information with other people. A. True B. False B. False Qualitative data can be collected in which of the following? A. Biophysiological measures B. In-depth interview C. Scales D. All of the above B. In-depth interview What is the relationship between a population and a sample? A. Both populations and samples are specialized segments of groups. B. A population is a representative sample of a defined group. C. A sample is made up of objects and events, whereas a population is made up of people. D. A sample is a representative group of a defined population. D. A sample is a representative group of a defined population. When a study sample shows representativeness, what can be concluded about the study? A. The study used strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to limit the sample size. B. The study results show evidence of sampling bias. C. The study is most likely generalizable, with results that can be applied to the target population. D. The study is most likely not generalizable because the sample was obtained using specific inclusion C. The study is most likely generalizable, with results that can be applied to the target population. A researcher studying pain associated with complications of Lyme disease wants to make sure that other types of patient pain do not influence the research results. Which action would best address the researcher's concerns? A. Have study participants self-report any other health conditions that cause pain on a regular basis. B. Set criteria to exclude participants with chronic pain disorders from the study. C. Track study participants' use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications. D. Set criteria to include only patients who exhibit the most severe and painful symptoms of Lyme disease in the study. B. Set criteria to exclude participants with chronic pain disorders from the study. Which outcome occurs when subjects in a study do not adequately represent the target population? A. Threat to external validity B. Increase in generalizability C. Enhanced internal validity D. Elimination of errors in sampling A. Threat to external validity Which action would the nurse researcher take if there was a concern that participant attrition will result in invalid study results? A. Offer participants at risk of dropping out incentives if they stay in the study. B. Begin the study with a larger sample than necessary. C. Include a section in the consent form where participants agree in advance to complete the entire study. D. Redefine the target population after attrition occurs so that the remaining subjects are still a representative sample. B. Begin the study with a larger sample than necessary. A researcher who divides nursing staff at a hospital into categories of CNAs, LPNs, RNs, and nurse practitioners before randomly selecting participants from each group is using stratified random sampling. A. True B. False A. True Which of the following statements explains why nonprobability sampling carries more risk of selection bias than probability sampling? A. Exclusion criteria are not used in nonprobability sampling. B. Nonprobability sampling uses strata that are not mutually exclusive. C. Representativeness is not a consideration in nonprobability sampling. D. Nonprobability sampling does not use randomization. D. Nonprobability sampling does not use randomization. What is the sampling design of this study? One hundred inmates randomly sampled from a random selection of five federal penitentiaries. A. Cluster sampling B. Convenience sampling C. Systematic Sampling D. Quota Sampling A. Cluster sampling