NUR 631 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXAM LATEST 2025-2026 UPDATE
|GRADE A+ GUARANTEE
Altered membrane permeability - Answer-Activated complement,
inflammatory cytokines, oxidants, proteases, and growth factors attack
epithelial cells, alter membrane permeability, and cause proteinuria.
Prerenal injury from poor perfusion - Answer-Can result from renal
vasoconstriction, renal artery thrombosis, hemorrhage, and hypotension.
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis - Answer-Inflammation is
initiated by immune complexes.
IgG nephropathies - Answer-In glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in
the glomerulus basement membranes.
Intussusception - Answer-Causes intestinal obstruction by telescoping
of part of the intestine into another section, usually causing strangulation
of the blood supply.
Postoperative clinical manifestations - Answer-Increased pulse,
hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness can result from
postoperative hemorrhage.
,Dumping syndrome - Answer-Occurs with varying severity in 5% to
10% of individuals who have undergone partial gastrectomy or
pyloroplasty, characterized by rapid gastric emptying and a high osmotic
gradient in the small intestine.
Meconium ileus - Answer-An intestinal obstruction caused by
meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly
to the mucosa of the small intestine, resisting passage beyond the
terminal ileum.
Cystic fibrosis - Answer-A medical diagnosis often associated with
meconium ileus, where the detection of albumin in meconium has been
used as a screening test.
Congenital aganglionic megacolon - Answer-Also known as
Hirschsprung disease, involves inadequate motility of the colon caused
by neural malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Intussusception - Answer-An intestinal obstruction caused by the
invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon
by collapsing through the ileocecal valve.
Symptoms of dumping syndrome - Answer-Includes increased pulse
rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, dizziness, epigastric
fullness, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
, Mechanism of dumping syndrome - Answer-Rapid gastric emptying
and the creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine, causing
a sudden shift of fluid from the vascular compartment to the intestinal
lumen.
Neural malformation in Hirschsprung disease - Answer-Involves
inadequate motility of the colon due to a malformation related only to
the parasympathetic nervous system.
Currant jelly stool - Answer-A type of stool passed by an infant that can
indicate intussusception, often following a normal stool.
Symptoms of intussusception - Answer-Includes sudden abdominal
pain, irritability (colicky behavior), drawing up of knees, and vomiting.
Rationale for meconium ileus - Answer-The cause is usually a lack of
digestive enzymes during fetal life.
Rationale for intussusception - Answer-The ileum invaginates the
cecum and part of the ascending colon by collapsing through the
ileocecal valve.
Rationale for congenital aganglionic megacolon - Answer-Caused by
neural malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Rationale for cystic fibrosis association - Answer-The detection of
albumin in meconium has been used as a screening test.
, Symptoms of rapid gastric emptying - Answer-Causes a sudden shift of
fluid from the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen.
Plasma volume decrease - Answer-Leads to vasomotor responses such
as increased pulse rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and
dizziness.
Abdominal pain in infants - Answer-Can indicate intussusception,
especially when accompanied by irritability and abnormal stool.
High osmotic gradient - Answer-Created in the small intestine during
dumping syndrome, leading to fluid shifts.
Medical diagnosis associated with meconium ileus - Answer-Cystic
fibrosis.
Intestinal obstruction types - Answer-Includes meconium obstruction,
meconium ileus, and intussusception.
Vascular compartment fluid shift - Answer-Occurs during dumping
syndrome, causing symptoms like hypotension and dizziness.
Infant stool characteristics - Answer-Normal stool followed by currant
jelly stool can indicate intussusception.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS EXAM LATEST 2025-2026 UPDATE
|GRADE A+ GUARANTEE
Altered membrane permeability - Answer-Activated complement,
inflammatory cytokines, oxidants, proteases, and growth factors attack
epithelial cells, alter membrane permeability, and cause proteinuria.
Prerenal injury from poor perfusion - Answer-Can result from renal
vasoconstriction, renal artery thrombosis, hemorrhage, and hypotension.
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis - Answer-Inflammation is
initiated by immune complexes.
IgG nephropathies - Answer-In glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in
the glomerulus basement membranes.
Intussusception - Answer-Causes intestinal obstruction by telescoping
of part of the intestine into another section, usually causing strangulation
of the blood supply.
Postoperative clinical manifestations - Answer-Increased pulse,
hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness can result from
postoperative hemorrhage.
,Dumping syndrome - Answer-Occurs with varying severity in 5% to
10% of individuals who have undergone partial gastrectomy or
pyloroplasty, characterized by rapid gastric emptying and a high osmotic
gradient in the small intestine.
Meconium ileus - Answer-An intestinal obstruction caused by
meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly
to the mucosa of the small intestine, resisting passage beyond the
terminal ileum.
Cystic fibrosis - Answer-A medical diagnosis often associated with
meconium ileus, where the detection of albumin in meconium has been
used as a screening test.
Congenital aganglionic megacolon - Answer-Also known as
Hirschsprung disease, involves inadequate motility of the colon caused
by neural malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Intussusception - Answer-An intestinal obstruction caused by the
invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon
by collapsing through the ileocecal valve.
Symptoms of dumping syndrome - Answer-Includes increased pulse
rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, dizziness, epigastric
fullness, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
, Mechanism of dumping syndrome - Answer-Rapid gastric emptying
and the creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine, causing
a sudden shift of fluid from the vascular compartment to the intestinal
lumen.
Neural malformation in Hirschsprung disease - Answer-Involves
inadequate motility of the colon due to a malformation related only to
the parasympathetic nervous system.
Currant jelly stool - Answer-A type of stool passed by an infant that can
indicate intussusception, often following a normal stool.
Symptoms of intussusception - Answer-Includes sudden abdominal
pain, irritability (colicky behavior), drawing up of knees, and vomiting.
Rationale for meconium ileus - Answer-The cause is usually a lack of
digestive enzymes during fetal life.
Rationale for intussusception - Answer-The ileum invaginates the
cecum and part of the ascending colon by collapsing through the
ileocecal valve.
Rationale for congenital aganglionic megacolon - Answer-Caused by
neural malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Rationale for cystic fibrosis association - Answer-The detection of
albumin in meconium has been used as a screening test.
, Symptoms of rapid gastric emptying - Answer-Causes a sudden shift of
fluid from the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen.
Plasma volume decrease - Answer-Leads to vasomotor responses such
as increased pulse rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and
dizziness.
Abdominal pain in infants - Answer-Can indicate intussusception,
especially when accompanied by irritability and abnormal stool.
High osmotic gradient - Answer-Created in the small intestine during
dumping syndrome, leading to fluid shifts.
Medical diagnosis associated with meconium ileus - Answer-Cystic
fibrosis.
Intestinal obstruction types - Answer-Includes meconium obstruction,
meconium ileus, and intussusception.
Vascular compartment fluid shift - Answer-Occurs during dumping
syndrome, causing symptoms like hypotension and dizziness.
Infant stool characteristics - Answer-Normal stool followed by currant
jelly stool can indicate intussusception.
