INSTRUCTORS RESOURCE MANUAL
MEDICAL DOSAGE CALCULATIONS
11TH EDITION
CHAPTER NO. 01: Review of Arithmetic for Medical Dosage
Calculations
Chapter Overview
534 , 23
C hapter 1 reviews the arithmetic concepts needed for the rest
of the textbook. It covers the basics of whole numbers, fractions,
decimal numbers, and percents and includes a Diagnostic Test to evaluate the student’s
knowledge of the arithmetic required for medical dosage calculation. This chapter can be
omitted for those students who are proficient in basic arithmetic.
Instructor’s Notes
● The Diagnostic Test may be used in a number of ways. It can be given at the
beginning of the first class, and the teacher or students themselves can grade the
test whose answers can be found in Appendix A of the textbook. The Diagnostic
Test results can then be used to initiate a discussion of those areas of arithmetic
in which the students show weakness.
● This chapter can also be assigned as independent study. Students can take the
Diagnostic Test and then review those sections of the chapter that need review.
Subsequent class meetings could address areas of student concern.
● The teacher could first present a review of basic arithmetic following the flow of
topics and examples in the chapter, and then assign the Diagnostic Test for
homework.
● Rather than covering all the topics in this chapter, the instructor might choose to
review only those topics with which the students might not be familiar. These could
include ratios, complex fractions, percent of change, and the three methods of
rounding (rounding off, down, and up).
● Calculator keystroke sequences are provided to help students improve their
calculator proficiency. Students should be encouraged to work the problems by
hand, and then check their answers on a calculator.
● Try These for Practice problems are designed to be done in class but may be
designated for homework.
● The Exercises and/or Additional Exercises can be given as homework or as in-
class assignments. The answers to the Try These for Practice, and Exercises are
in Appendix A of the textbook. Answers for Additional Exercises are not in the
textbook for the instructor who prefers to give homework without answers
provided.
● The answers to Additional Exercises are in this Instructor’s Resource Manual.
,Key Terms
approximate answer numerator rounding off
canceling percentage percentage
complex fraction percent of change rate
denominator rounding down ratio
improper fraction rounding up truncating
Answers to Chapter 1 Additional Exercises
11 1
1. 2. 8 3. 1
20 3
11 3
4. 5. 40 6. 1
28 5
7. 1 8. 0.37 9. 0.64
6
10. 6.7 11. 0.015 12. 0.21
13. 0.457 14. 0.0228 15. 2.8
16. 0.8 17. 0.9 18. 0.0625
19. 0.009 20. 1.50 21. 0.47
22. 4.7 23. 2.6 24. 53.84
63 1
25. and 0.5 26. 17 and 17.3 27. 0.2, 10
125 3 49
45 1 3
28. , 6.4 29. , 0.1 30. , 0.4
7 8 8
1 2
31. 32. 33. 60
2 3
34. 6 35. 9.95 36. 0.838
37. 0.7 38. 16 39. 25% increase
40. 30% decrease
Chapter 1 Examination Questions
Convert these to fractions in lowest terms.
1. 0.35 2. 6:10
Convert these fractions to decimals numbers rounded off to the nearest tenth.
3 73
4.
8 7
Convert to decimal numbers rounded down to tenths.
13.66 0.0274
5. 6.
10 0.12
, Multiply the numbers.
7. 2.3 * 0.03 8. 9.2 * 1,000
Divide the decimal numbers and round off the answers to the nearest
hundredth.
9. 0.23 , 0.03 10. 56.9 , 100
Write the answers as fractions in lowest terms.
22 70 15
11. * * 12. 0.525 , 0.84
15 60 77
Write the percentage as a decimal number.
0.9% 14. 44%
Write the percentage as a fraction in lowest terms.
15. 87.5% 16. 0.9%
Simplify to the form of a simple fraction in lowest terms.
2>3 0.02
17. 18.
6 0.3
3
19. Which is the larger quantity? 0.8 or
4
4 ?
20. What is 35% of 80? 21. =
5 25
8 ?
22. = 23. 8 - 4.002 = ?
64 16
3
24. Write the answer in mixed fractional form: 7.5 - 2
4
25. A dosage is increased from 8 ounces to 12 ounces. What is the percent of
increase?
MEDICAL DOSAGE CALCULATIONS
11TH EDITION
CHAPTER NO. 01: Review of Arithmetic for Medical Dosage
Calculations
Chapter Overview
534 , 23
C hapter 1 reviews the arithmetic concepts needed for the rest
of the textbook. It covers the basics of whole numbers, fractions,
decimal numbers, and percents and includes a Diagnostic Test to evaluate the student’s
knowledge of the arithmetic required for medical dosage calculation. This chapter can be
omitted for those students who are proficient in basic arithmetic.
Instructor’s Notes
● The Diagnostic Test may be used in a number of ways. It can be given at the
beginning of the first class, and the teacher or students themselves can grade the
test whose answers can be found in Appendix A of the textbook. The Diagnostic
Test results can then be used to initiate a discussion of those areas of arithmetic
in which the students show weakness.
● This chapter can also be assigned as independent study. Students can take the
Diagnostic Test and then review those sections of the chapter that need review.
Subsequent class meetings could address areas of student concern.
● The teacher could first present a review of basic arithmetic following the flow of
topics and examples in the chapter, and then assign the Diagnostic Test for
homework.
● Rather than covering all the topics in this chapter, the instructor might choose to
review only those topics with which the students might not be familiar. These could
include ratios, complex fractions, percent of change, and the three methods of
rounding (rounding off, down, and up).
● Calculator keystroke sequences are provided to help students improve their
calculator proficiency. Students should be encouraged to work the problems by
hand, and then check their answers on a calculator.
● Try These for Practice problems are designed to be done in class but may be
designated for homework.
● The Exercises and/or Additional Exercises can be given as homework or as in-
class assignments. The answers to the Try These for Practice, and Exercises are
in Appendix A of the textbook. Answers for Additional Exercises are not in the
textbook for the instructor who prefers to give homework without answers
provided.
● The answers to Additional Exercises are in this Instructor’s Resource Manual.
,Key Terms
approximate answer numerator rounding off
canceling percentage percentage
complex fraction percent of change rate
denominator rounding down ratio
improper fraction rounding up truncating
Answers to Chapter 1 Additional Exercises
11 1
1. 2. 8 3. 1
20 3
11 3
4. 5. 40 6. 1
28 5
7. 1 8. 0.37 9. 0.64
6
10. 6.7 11. 0.015 12. 0.21
13. 0.457 14. 0.0228 15. 2.8
16. 0.8 17. 0.9 18. 0.0625
19. 0.009 20. 1.50 21. 0.47
22. 4.7 23. 2.6 24. 53.84
63 1
25. and 0.5 26. 17 and 17.3 27. 0.2, 10
125 3 49
45 1 3
28. , 6.4 29. , 0.1 30. , 0.4
7 8 8
1 2
31. 32. 33. 60
2 3
34. 6 35. 9.95 36. 0.838
37. 0.7 38. 16 39. 25% increase
40. 30% decrease
Chapter 1 Examination Questions
Convert these to fractions in lowest terms.
1. 0.35 2. 6:10
Convert these fractions to decimals numbers rounded off to the nearest tenth.
3 73
4.
8 7
Convert to decimal numbers rounded down to tenths.
13.66 0.0274
5. 6.
10 0.12
, Multiply the numbers.
7. 2.3 * 0.03 8. 9.2 * 1,000
Divide the decimal numbers and round off the answers to the nearest
hundredth.
9. 0.23 , 0.03 10. 56.9 , 100
Write the answers as fractions in lowest terms.
22 70 15
11. * * 12. 0.525 , 0.84
15 60 77
Write the percentage as a decimal number.
0.9% 14. 44%
Write the percentage as a fraction in lowest terms.
15. 87.5% 16. 0.9%
Simplify to the form of a simple fraction in lowest terms.
2>3 0.02
17. 18.
6 0.3
3
19. Which is the larger quantity? 0.8 or
4
4 ?
20. What is 35% of 80? 21. =
5 25
8 ?
22. = 23. 8 - 4.002 = ?
64 16
3
24. Write the answer in mixed fractional form: 7.5 - 2
4
25. A dosage is increased from 8 ounces to 12 ounces. What is the percent of
increase?
