BIOD331 Pathophysiology Final Exam – Accurate
Solutions To All Your Questions
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up
and keeping up with the recommended vaccination schedule would
be an example of: Correct Answer - Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA.
Recent diagnostic tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You
decide to put him on a blood thinner to prevent a future neurologic
event. This would be an example of: Correct Answer - Tertiary
prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year,
and his father recently passed away from colon cancer at age 85.
This would be an example of: Correct Answer - Secondary
prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive
under stressful circumstances Correct Answer - False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine
toward the large intestine in one direction. Correct Answer -
Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal
lumen to push digestive contents forward and backward Correct
Answer - Segmentation Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions.
Correct Answer - False, one direction
,True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological
conditions. Correct Answer - True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-
year-old male. His hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be
considered a normal or abnormal value? Correct Answer -
Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-
year-old female. Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be
considered a normal or abnormal value? Correct Answer -
Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-
year-old female. Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be
considered a normal or abnormal value? Correct Answer -
Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Correct
Answer - It is involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Correct Answer - It
includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? Correct
Answer - 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? Correct
Answer - Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow? Correct
Answer - Erythropoietin
,Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Correct
Answer - Controls the transport of materials from the outside
fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle
cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a
rapid rate of growth. Correct Answer - False. A malignant
neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and
possesses a slow rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin
and possesses a slow rate of growth. Correct Answer - False. A
benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and
possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a
rapid rate of growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.
Correct Answer - Any combination of the following - Benign
tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of tissues of
origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by
expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They
grow rapidly, spread to other parts of the body, and lack well-
, defined margins. They can compress blood vessels and outgrow
their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
Correct Answer - In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes
dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark
brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a
cut-off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis.
In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless.
The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the
surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial
action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed
with Osteoporosis. They mentioned that they joined a Silver
Sneakers program at their local gym because they read that weight-
bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution
would you give to them as they participate in this program?
Correct Answer - While weight-bearing exercises have been
shown to increase bone density, they should be done in a safe way,
minimizing the risk for falls as they are at increased risk for fracture
with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed
with Osteoporosis. They mention to you that they are doing safe,
weight bearing exercises each day to increase bone density. They
are also taking a Calcium supplement. What additional supplement
would you recommend they take? Explain why. Correct Answer -
They should also take a Vitamin D supplement, as it helps to
increase calcium absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed
with
Solutions To All Your Questions
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up
and keeping up with the recommended vaccination schedule would
be an example of: Correct Answer - Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA.
Recent diagnostic tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You
decide to put him on a blood thinner to prevent a future neurologic
event. This would be an example of: Correct Answer - Tertiary
prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year,
and his father recently passed away from colon cancer at age 85.
This would be an example of: Correct Answer - Secondary
prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive
under stressful circumstances Correct Answer - False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine
toward the large intestine in one direction. Correct Answer -
Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal
lumen to push digestive contents forward and backward Correct
Answer - Segmentation Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions.
Correct Answer - False, one direction
,True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological
conditions. Correct Answer - True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-
year-old male. His hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be
considered a normal or abnormal value? Correct Answer -
Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-
year-old female. Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be
considered a normal or abnormal value? Correct Answer -
Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-
year-old female. Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be
considered a normal or abnormal value? Correct Answer -
Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Correct
Answer - It is involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Correct Answer - It
includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? Correct
Answer - 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? Correct
Answer - Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow? Correct
Answer - Erythropoietin
,Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Correct
Answer - Controls the transport of materials from the outside
fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle
cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a
rapid rate of growth. Correct Answer - False. A malignant
neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and
possesses a slow rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin
and possesses a slow rate of growth. Correct Answer - False. A
benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and
possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a
rapid rate of growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.
Correct Answer - Any combination of the following - Benign
tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of tissues of
origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by
expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They
grow rapidly, spread to other parts of the body, and lack well-
, defined margins. They can compress blood vessels and outgrow
their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
Correct Answer - In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes
dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark
brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a
cut-off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis.
In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless.
The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the
surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial
action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed
with Osteoporosis. They mentioned that they joined a Silver
Sneakers program at their local gym because they read that weight-
bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution
would you give to them as they participate in this program?
Correct Answer - While weight-bearing exercises have been
shown to increase bone density, they should be done in a safe way,
minimizing the risk for falls as they are at increased risk for fracture
with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed
with Osteoporosis. They mention to you that they are doing safe,
weight bearing exercises each day to increase bone density. They
are also taking a Calcium supplement. What additional supplement
would you recommend they take? Explain why. Correct Answer -
They should also take a Vitamin D supplement, as it helps to
increase calcium absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed
with
