BIOD331 Pathophysiology Exam – Questions With
Appropriate Solutions
What is cancer? Correct Answer - The unregulated growth of
abnormal cells
What is neoplasia? Correct Answer - "New growth". Process of
uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body
What is neoplasm? Correct Answer - The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ Correct
Answer - Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words)
Correct Answer - Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? Correct
Answer - Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? Correct Answer - Process of cell
division. Adaptive process for new cell growth to replace old cells or
when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and
uncontrolled proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-
regulating stimuli. Correct Answer - Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation? Correct Answer - Process by which
cells become more specialized with each mitotic division
What is apoptosis? Correct Answer - Programmed cell death.
Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells
,What are proto-oncogenes? Correct Answer - Cell growth.
They encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do? Correct Answer - Cell
death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when
necessary) for apoptosis
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? Correct Answer - DNA
synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein
synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? Correct Answer - DNA
synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one for
each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? Correct Answer - DNA
synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________
Correct Answer - Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints? Correct Answer - Means of
molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to
the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? Correct Answer - Mitosis
and cytoplasmic division.
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually
cycles from one mitotic division to the next. Correct Answer -
Skin's squamous epithelium
, What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called?
Correct Answer - G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? Correct Answer - 1.
Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0?
Correct Answer - Neurons (highly specialized and terminally
differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? Correct Answer -
Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0
phase until prompted. Correct Answer - Blood loss or tissue
injury
Define cell proliferation Correct Answer - Process of increasing
cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is
__________ to the number of cells dying or being shed. Correct
Answer - Equivalent
When considering cell proliferation, human cells fall within one of
these two categories: Correct Answer - 1. Gametes (ovum and
sperm)
2. Somatic (non-reproductive cells)
Appropriate Solutions
What is cancer? Correct Answer - The unregulated growth of
abnormal cells
What is neoplasia? Correct Answer - "New growth". Process of
uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body
What is neoplasm? Correct Answer - The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ Correct
Answer - Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words)
Correct Answer - Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? Correct
Answer - Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? Correct Answer - Process of cell
division. Adaptive process for new cell growth to replace old cells or
when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and
uncontrolled proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-
regulating stimuli. Correct Answer - Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation? Correct Answer - Process by which
cells become more specialized with each mitotic division
What is apoptosis? Correct Answer - Programmed cell death.
Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells
,What are proto-oncogenes? Correct Answer - Cell growth.
They encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do? Correct Answer - Cell
death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when
necessary) for apoptosis
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? Correct Answer - DNA
synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein
synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? Correct Answer - DNA
synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one for
each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? Correct Answer - DNA
synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________
Correct Answer - Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints? Correct Answer - Means of
molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to
the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? Correct Answer - Mitosis
and cytoplasmic division.
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually
cycles from one mitotic division to the next. Correct Answer -
Skin's squamous epithelium
, What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called?
Correct Answer - G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? Correct Answer - 1.
Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0?
Correct Answer - Neurons (highly specialized and terminally
differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? Correct Answer -
Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0
phase until prompted. Correct Answer - Blood loss or tissue
injury
Define cell proliferation Correct Answer - Process of increasing
cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is
__________ to the number of cells dying or being shed. Correct
Answer - Equivalent
When considering cell proliferation, human cells fall within one of
these two categories: Correct Answer - 1. Gametes (ovum and
sperm)
2. Somatic (non-reproductive cells)
