S-130 Wildland Firefighter Training
Questions and Answers
Backing - Answers-Fire moving away from the head downhill, or against the wind
Blowup - Answers-Sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread of a fire sufficient
to preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans.
Burnout - Answers-Setting a fire inside a control line to widen it or consume fuel
between the edge of the fire and the control line.
Cold Trailing - Answers-A method of controlling a partly dead fire edge by carefully
inspecting and feeling with the hand for heat to detect any fire, digging out every live
spot, and trenching any live edge.
Control Line - Answers-A comprehensive term used for all the constructed or natural fire
barriers and treated fire edges used to contain the fire.
Creeping - Answers-Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
Crowning - Answers-Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or less
independent of surface fire. High fire intensity and high forward rate of spread. Use
crown fire or crowning with care because it describes a very serious fire situation.
Describe the classes of fire - Answers-This classifies the size of the fire with class "A"
being the smallest and class "G" being the largest.
Direct Attack - Answers-Any treatment of burning fuel, such as by wetting, smothering,
or chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating burning from unburned fuel.
Finger - Answers-An area, usually a narrow strip, that burns away from the main part of
the fire. Could be dangerous if personnel working the fire are flanked by a finger.
Fireline - Answers-Any clear strip or portion of a control line from which flammable
material has been removed by scraping or digging down to mineral soil.
Flank - Answers-Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of spread. May have
active fire, but not as hot as the head of the fire.
Head - Answers-Shows the direction in which the fire is burning. This is the hottest and
most active part of the fire
Hot Spotting - Answers-Reducing or stopping the spread of fire at points of particularly
rapid rate of spread or special threat.
, How many feet are in a chain? - Answers-66 ft.
How much space is necessary for constructing line and why? - Answers-10 feet is
required for constructing line for the safety of the crew members.
How often should fire shelters be inspected? - Answers-Fire shelters should be
evaluated when the fire shelter is given, at the beginning of the fire season, and every 2
weeks throughout the fire season.
Identify nine parts of a fire - Answers-(1) Origin, (2) Head, (3) Flank, (4) Rear/Heel, (5)
Perimeter, (6) Finger, (7) Pocket, (8) Island, (9) Spot Fire
Indirect Attack - Answers-Any method of attack that is done away from the actual fire
itself, such as digging line.
Island - Answers-Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter.
LCES - Answers-Look outs.
Communications.
Escape routes.
Safety zones.
List 10 Standard Firefighting Orders - Answers-1. Keep informed on weather conditions
and forecast
2. Know what your fire is doing at all times
3. Base all actions on current and expected behavior or the fire
4. Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
5. Post lookouts when there is possible danger
6. Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, and act decisively
7. Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor, and adjoining
forces
8. Give clear instructions and be sure they are understood
9. Maintain control of you forces at all times
10. Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first
List 2 firing devices used in wildland fire - Answers-Drip torch.
Fusee.
List 2 hazards when using fusee in the field - Answers-They burn very bright.
They drip hot material.
List 3 factors that reduce judgement, alertness, and decision-making in firefighters -
Answers-Sleep.
List 3 hand tools - Answers-Pulaski.
Questions and Answers
Backing - Answers-Fire moving away from the head downhill, or against the wind
Blowup - Answers-Sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread of a fire sufficient
to preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans.
Burnout - Answers-Setting a fire inside a control line to widen it or consume fuel
between the edge of the fire and the control line.
Cold Trailing - Answers-A method of controlling a partly dead fire edge by carefully
inspecting and feeling with the hand for heat to detect any fire, digging out every live
spot, and trenching any live edge.
Control Line - Answers-A comprehensive term used for all the constructed or natural fire
barriers and treated fire edges used to contain the fire.
Creeping - Answers-Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
Crowning - Answers-Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or less
independent of surface fire. High fire intensity and high forward rate of spread. Use
crown fire or crowning with care because it describes a very serious fire situation.
Describe the classes of fire - Answers-This classifies the size of the fire with class "A"
being the smallest and class "G" being the largest.
Direct Attack - Answers-Any treatment of burning fuel, such as by wetting, smothering,
or chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating burning from unburned fuel.
Finger - Answers-An area, usually a narrow strip, that burns away from the main part of
the fire. Could be dangerous if personnel working the fire are flanked by a finger.
Fireline - Answers-Any clear strip or portion of a control line from which flammable
material has been removed by scraping or digging down to mineral soil.
Flank - Answers-Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of spread. May have
active fire, but not as hot as the head of the fire.
Head - Answers-Shows the direction in which the fire is burning. This is the hottest and
most active part of the fire
Hot Spotting - Answers-Reducing or stopping the spread of fire at points of particularly
rapid rate of spread or special threat.
, How many feet are in a chain? - Answers-66 ft.
How much space is necessary for constructing line and why? - Answers-10 feet is
required for constructing line for the safety of the crew members.
How often should fire shelters be inspected? - Answers-Fire shelters should be
evaluated when the fire shelter is given, at the beginning of the fire season, and every 2
weeks throughout the fire season.
Identify nine parts of a fire - Answers-(1) Origin, (2) Head, (3) Flank, (4) Rear/Heel, (5)
Perimeter, (6) Finger, (7) Pocket, (8) Island, (9) Spot Fire
Indirect Attack - Answers-Any method of attack that is done away from the actual fire
itself, such as digging line.
Island - Answers-Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter.
LCES - Answers-Look outs.
Communications.
Escape routes.
Safety zones.
List 10 Standard Firefighting Orders - Answers-1. Keep informed on weather conditions
and forecast
2. Know what your fire is doing at all times
3. Base all actions on current and expected behavior or the fire
4. Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
5. Post lookouts when there is possible danger
6. Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, and act decisively
7. Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor, and adjoining
forces
8. Give clear instructions and be sure they are understood
9. Maintain control of you forces at all times
10. Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first
List 2 firing devices used in wildland fire - Answers-Drip torch.
Fusee.
List 2 hazards when using fusee in the field - Answers-They burn very bright.
They drip hot material.
List 3 factors that reduce judgement, alertness, and decision-making in firefighters -
Answers-Sleep.
List 3 hand tools - Answers-Pulaski.
