,CHAPTER 1: Psychology Is a Way of Thinking
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1I
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research are
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similar and how they differ.
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Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
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Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and applied research and describe the interactions betw
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
een the two kinds of research.
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Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just one st
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udy on a research question.
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Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journalism; descri
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be the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journalists can write better stories about scienti
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
fic news.
1i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1I
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire 1i 1i 1i
b. Applying a new therapy technique 1i 1i 1i 1i
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
d. Undergoing a brain scan 1i 1i 1i
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
b. Consenting to participate in a research study 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
c. Attending a psychological conference 1i 1i 1i
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose whic
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
h of the following professions?
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a. A clinical psychologist
1i 1i
b. An intervention program evaluator
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c. A political pollster
1i 1i
d. An advertising executive 1i 1i
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All of th
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
e following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
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a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
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b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
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c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
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d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
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ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Understanding
5.
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English teacher
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the following is an
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
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b. He will likely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
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d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
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ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
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Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
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.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1i
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.2 1i 1i
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
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.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1i
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.2 1i 1i
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n)
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1i
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.2 1i 1i
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundament
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
al needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. S
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
usan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe au
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
tonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is an
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
example of which of the following?
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a. A theory 1i
b. A hypothesis 1i
c. Data
d. Research
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1I
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research are
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1
similar and how they differ.
i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and applied research and describe the interactions betw
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
een the two kinds of research.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just one st
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
udy on a research question.
1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journalism; descri
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
be the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journalists can write better stories about scienti
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
fic news.
1i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1I
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire 1i 1i 1i
b. Applying a new therapy technique 1i 1i 1i 1i
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
d. Undergoing a brain scan 1i 1i 1i
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
b. Consenting to participate in a research study 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
c. Attending a psychological conference 1i 1i 1i
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose whic
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
h of the following professions?
1i 1i 1i 1i
a. A clinical psychologist
1i 1i
b. An intervention program evaluator
1i 1i 1i
c. A political pollster
1i 1i
d. An advertising executive 1i 1i
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All of th
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
e following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Understanding
5.
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English teacher
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the following is an
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
b. He will likely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1i
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.1 1i 1i
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1i
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.2 1i 1i
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1i
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.2 1i 1i
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n)
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1i
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Learning Objective 1.2 1i 1i
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundament
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
al needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. S
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
usan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe au
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
tonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated.
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is an
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
example of which of the following?
1i 1i 1i 1i 1i
a. A theory 1i
b. A hypothesis 1i
c. Data
d. Research
