Test Bank for Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs

,Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
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PRACTICE


1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.

B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.


2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
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momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
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A) bleeding.
B) congestion.

C) pale skin. 1i




D) coolness.


3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of l
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eukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
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numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the init
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ial step in the process?
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,A) Engulfment

B) Intracellular killing 1i




C) Antigen margination 1i




D) Recognition and adherence 1i 1i




5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capill
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ary permeability and pain?
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A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide 1i




6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of t
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he following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The acute- 1i


phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of inflam
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mation and includes: 1i 1i




A) fever and lethargy. 1i 1i




B) decreased C-reactive protein. 1i 1i




C) positive nitrogen balance. 1i 1i




D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized
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by which of the following phenomena?
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, A) Profuse fibrinous exudation 1i 1i




B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 1i 1i 1i




D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages 1i 1i 1i




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin- 1i 1i


1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogenou
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s pyrogens that:
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A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i




B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. 1i 1i 1i




C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.1i 1i




10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
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.
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammati
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on in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events wil
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l occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
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A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i




B) Chemotaxis

C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i




D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris 1i 1i 1i




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation? 1i 1i




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
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D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
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12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
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.