Information Technology Project Management
KATHY SCHWALBE
8th Edition
,ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ!"#$ÿ%&'"#()*+"&ÿ,-.&"/"01ÿ2#"3,-*ÿ
ÿ
4)&)0,(,&*ÿ5*.ÿ6+*+"&ÿ)*.1ÿ-.7)/8,ÿÿ
ÿ
:;<=ÿ?ÿ@ABC=ÿ
ÿ
EFÿGHIJBÿIK=ÿELMNCOÿP;QR=SIÿTAHAU=T=HIÿP;JTA;JBVÿWQS<C=XÿQHÿP;QYJXJHUÿCSK=X<B=ÿAHXÿ;=CQ<;S=ÿXAIAÿIQÿIQPÿ
TAHAU=T=HIÿJHÿIK=ÿTJBJIA;VOÿSQTP<I=;OÿAHXÿSQHCI;<SIJQHÿJHX<CI;J=CFÿ
ÿÿ AFÿÿ:;<=ÿ
ÿÿ ZFÿ@ÿABC=ÿ
[\]^_`aÿÿÿ :;<=ÿ
`[cde\[f_aÿÿÿ @==XZASghÿGHIJBÿIK=ÿELMNCOÿP;QR=SIÿTAHAU=T=HIÿP;JTA;JBVÿWQS<C=XÿQHÿP;QYJXJHUÿ
CSK=X<B=ÿAHXÿ;=CQ<;S=ÿXAIAÿIQÿIQPÿTAHAU=T=HIÿJHÿIK=ÿTJBJIA;VOÿSQTP<I=;OÿAHXÿ
SQHCI;<SIJQHÿJHX<CI;J=CFÿijklmnoÿP;QR=SIÿTAHAU=T=HIÿJHYQBY=CÿT<SKÿTQ;=OÿAHXÿ
P=QPB=ÿJHÿ=Y=;VÿJHX<CI;VÿAHXÿ=Y=;VÿSQ<HI;VÿTAHAU=ÿP;QR=SICFÿ
ped\c]aÿÿÿ Eÿ
qdrrdstfcuaÿÿÿ vJWWJS<BIVhÿwACVÿ
`_r_`_\s_]aÿÿÿ PFxÿ
f_[`\d\yÿez{_scd|_]aÿÿ}ÿ~@FFEFEÿÿhÿEEÿ
\[cde\[fÿ]c[\q[`q]aÿÿÿGHJI=XÿIAI=CÿÿGhÿ:=SKHQBQUVÿ
cepds]aÿÿÿ }HI;QX<SIJQHÿ
_u^e`q]aÿÿÿ BQQTChÿHQB=XU=ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
xFÿÿXJWW=;=HS=ÿZ=I==HÿQP=;AIJQHCÿAHXÿP;QR=SICÿJCÿIKAIÿQP=;AIJQHCÿ=HXÿK=HÿIK=J;ÿQZR=SIJY=CÿKAY=ÿZ==Hÿ
;=ASK=XOÿK=;=ACÿP;QR=SICÿXQÿHQIFÿ
ÿÿ AFÿÿ:;<=ÿ
ÿÿ ZFÿ@ÿABC=ÿ
[\]^_`aÿÿÿ @ABC=ÿ
`[cde\[f_aÿÿÿ @==XZASghÿ;QR=SICÿA;=ÿXJWW=;=HIÿW;QTÿQP=;AIJQHCÿJHÿIKAIÿIK=Vÿ=HXÿK=HÿIK=J;ÿ
QZR=SIJY=CÿKAY=ÿZ==Hÿ;=ASK=XÿQ;ÿIK=ÿP;QR=SIÿKACÿZ==HÿI=;TJHAI=XFÿ
ped\c]aÿÿÿ Eÿ
qdrrdstfcuaÿÿÿ vJWWJS<BIVhÿQX=;AI=ÿ
`_r_`_\s_]aÿÿÿ PFÿ
f_[`\d\yÿez{_scd|_]aÿÿÿ}~@FFEFxÿÿhÿExÿ
\[cde\[fÿ]c[\q[`q]aÿÿÿGHJI=XÿIAI=CÿÿGhÿHABVIJSÿ
cepds]aÿÿÿ KAIÿJCÿAÿ;QR=SIÿ
_u^e`q]aÿÿÿ BQQTChÿQTP;=K=HCJQHÿ
ÿ
ÿ
FÿwY=;VÿP;QR=SIÿCKQ<BXÿKAY=ÿAÿ=BBX=WJH=XÿQZR=SIJY=Fÿ
ÿÿ AFÿÿ:;<=ÿ
1234542ÿ72583934ÿ2 934ÿ282ÿÿ14328ÿ ÿÿ
ÿ
,ÿ
ÿ
ÿÿ ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
!"#$%&'ÿÿÿ )*+ÿ
&!,-."!/%'ÿÿÿ
0
123ÿ4ÿ5*6718ÿ9
ÿ
ÿ+:;<+ÿ5+*56ÿ=>*?ÿ5*6718ÿ96+
0ÿ9
>ÿ
ÿ@
A0B;:0ÿ
6718;>ÿ
C.-",#'ÿÿÿ Dÿ
E-FF-GH/,I'ÿÿÿ J;BB;1+
8?3ÿ=
?ÿ
&%F%&%"G%#'ÿÿÿ 5Kÿ
/%!&"-"Lÿ.MN%G,-O%#'ÿÿÿPQ
RSTUVDWXÿAÿYR3ÿDAXÿ
"!,-."!/ÿ#,!"E!&E#'ÿÿÿZ:;80ÿS8
8ÿAÿ[ZS\]R^3ÿ4:
?8;1ÿ
,.C-G#'ÿÿÿ V9
8ÿ;ÿ
ÿ\*6718_ÿ
`%I$.&E#'ÿÿÿ [
66ab3ÿc:6@
0dÿ
ÿ
ÿ
Wÿ\*6718ÿ96+
0ÿÿ0>
650ÿ;:ÿ;:1*a :8ÿ
ÿÿ
ÿÿ)*+ÿ
ÿÿ ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
!"#$%&'ÿÿÿ )*+ÿ
&!,-."!/%'ÿÿÿ
0
123ÿ4ÿ5*6718ÿ;ÿ0>
650ÿ+;:dÿ5*6d*;>ÿ
6*
8;6:ÿ\*6718ÿ
*ÿ6B8:ÿ
0B;:0ÿ*6
0
?ÿ@9:ÿ89?ÿd;:fÿ
:0ÿ
ÿ8;a ÿ5
fÿ89ÿ51;B;1ÿ08
;
ÿ6Bÿ89ÿ
5*6718ÿ16a ÿ1
**ÿ)9*B6*fÿ5*6718ÿ96+
0ÿÿ0>
650ÿ;:ÿ;:1*a :8ÿ
C.-",#'ÿÿÿ Dÿ
E-FF-GH/,I'ÿÿÿ J;BB;1+
8?3ÿg60*
8ÿ
&%F%&%"G%#'ÿÿÿ 5Kÿ
/%!&"-"Lÿ.MN%G,-O%#'ÿÿPÿQ
RSTUVDWXÿAÿYR3ÿDAXÿ
"!,-."!/ÿ#,!"E!&E#'ÿÿÿZ:;80ÿS8
8ÿAÿ[ZS\]R^3ÿ4:
?8;1ÿ
,.C-G#'ÿÿÿ V9
8ÿ;ÿ
ÿ\*6718_ÿ
`%I$.&E#'ÿÿÿ [
66ab3ÿT6a5*9:;6:ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
hÿ] 6+*1ÿ;:ÿ
ÿ5*6718ÿ96+
0ÿÿ+0ÿBB18;>
?ÿ1
+ÿ89?ÿ
*ÿ
;a;80ÿ
ÿÿ
ÿÿ)*+ÿ
ÿÿ ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
!"#$%&'ÿÿÿ )*+ÿ
&!,-."!/%'ÿÿÿ
0
123ÿ4ÿ5*6718ÿ*<+;*ÿ*6+*1fÿ6B8:ÿB*6aÿ>
*;6+ÿ
*
ÿ] 6+*1fÿ
96@ >*fÿ
*ÿ
;a;80ÿ
:0ÿa+8ÿÿ+0ÿBB18;>
?ÿ86ÿa 8ÿ5*6718ÿ
:0ÿ689*ÿ
16*56*
8ÿd6
ÿ
C.-",#'ÿÿÿ Dÿ
E-FF-GH/,I'ÿÿÿ J;BB;1+
8?3ÿg60*
8ÿ
&%F%&%"G%#'ÿÿÿ 5ÿiÿ
/%!&"-"Lÿ.MN%G,-O%#'ÿÿÿPQ
RSTUVDWXÿAÿYR3ÿDAXÿ
"!,-."!/ÿ#,!"E!&E#'ÿÿÿZ:;80ÿS8
8ÿAÿ[ZS\]R^3ÿ4:
?8;1ÿ
,.C-G#'ÿÿÿ V9
8ÿ;ÿ
ÿ\*6718_ÿ
`%I$.&E#'ÿÿÿ [
66ab3ÿT6a5*9:;6:ÿ
ÿ1234542ÿ72583934ÿ2 934ÿ282ÿÿ14328ÿ
ÿ
ÿÿ
ÿ
, ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
!"#ÿ$%&%'()*+ÿ
,-.
/ÿ
0!ÿ,1ÿ#ÿ
2,3!ÿ#4!ÿ5673,78ÿ5
ÿ.ÿ
!"#ÿ
ÿÿ .ÿÿ:
6!ÿ
ÿÿ ;ÿ<ÿ.01!ÿ
=>?@ABCÿÿÿ <.01!ÿ
B=EFG>=HACÿÿÿ <!!3;."IJÿ
ÿ
!"#ÿ1
71
ÿ616.00/ÿ
2,3!1ÿ#4!ÿ3,
!"#,7ÿ.73ÿ5673,78ÿ5
ÿ.ÿ
!"#ÿ
KGF>E?Cÿÿÿ Lÿ
MFNNFOPHEQCÿÿÿ R,55,"60#/JÿS.1/ÿ
BANABA>OA?Cÿÿÿ
Tÿ
HA=B>F>UÿGVWAOEFXA?CÿÿÿYZ<[\]^_L`aÿbÿc[JÿLbaÿ
>=EFG>=Hÿ?E=>M=BM?Cÿÿÿd7,#!3ÿ\#.#!1ÿbÿed\fg[hJÿ
7.0/#,"ÿ
EGKFO?Cÿÿÿ _4.#ÿ,1ÿ.ÿf
!"#iÿ
jAQ@GBM?Cÿÿÿ e0-k1Jÿl7m0!38!ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
Tÿ[7!ÿ5ÿ#4!ÿ-.,7ÿ
!.171ÿm4/ÿ
!"#ÿ-.7.8!-!7#ÿ,1ÿ"4.00!78,78ÿ,1ÿ;!".61!ÿ5ÿ#4!ÿ5."#
ÿ5ÿ67"!
#.,7#/ÿ
ÿÿ .ÿÿ:
6!ÿ
ÿÿ ;ÿ<ÿ.01!ÿ
=>?@ABCÿÿÿ :
6!ÿ
B=EFG>=HACÿÿÿ <!!3;."IJÿ
ÿ
!"#ÿ,7202!1ÿ67"!
#.,7#/ÿS2!
/ÿ
!"#ÿ,1ÿ67,n6!ÿ.73ÿ#461ÿ,#ÿ,1ÿ
1-!#,-!1ÿ3,55,"60#ÿ#ÿ3!5,7!ÿ,#1ÿ;!"#,2!1ÿ"0!.
0/oÿ!1#,-.#!ÿ4mÿ078ÿ,#ÿm,00ÿ#.I!ÿ#ÿ
"-
0!#!oÿ
ÿ3!#!
-,7!ÿ4mÿ-6"4ÿ,#ÿm,00ÿ"1#ÿ:4,1ÿ67"!
#.,7#/ÿ,1ÿ7!ÿ5ÿ#4!ÿ-.,7ÿ
!.171ÿ
!"#ÿ-.7.8!-!7#ÿ,1ÿ1ÿ"4.00!78,78ÿ
KGF>E?Cÿÿÿ Lÿ
MFNNFOPHEQCÿÿÿ R,55,"60#/Jÿp3!
.#!ÿ
BANABA>OA?Cÿÿÿ
Tÿ
HA=B>F>UÿGVWAOEFXA?CÿÿYÿZ<[\]^_L`aÿbÿc[JÿLbaÿ
>=EFG>=Hÿ?E=>M=BM?Cÿÿÿd7,#!3ÿ\#.#!1ÿbÿed\fg[hJÿ
7.0/#,"ÿ
EGKFO?Cÿÿÿ _4.#ÿ,1ÿ.ÿf
!"#iÿ
jAQ@GBM?Cÿÿÿ e0-k1Jÿ]-
!4!71,7ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
qÿr6!1#,71ÿ.;6#ÿ4mÿ.ÿ#!.-ÿm,00ÿ#
."Iÿ1"4!360!ÿ
!
5
-.7"!ÿ,1ÿ
!0.#!3ÿ#ÿ.ÿs)tu(vw*+ÿ1"
!ÿ
ÿÿ .ÿÿ:
6!ÿ
ÿÿ ;ÿ<ÿ.01!ÿ
=>?@ABCÿÿÿ <.01!ÿ
B=EFG>=HACÿÿÿ <!!3;."IJÿf
!"#ÿ1"
!ÿ3!.01ÿm,#4ÿn6!1#,71ÿ16"4ÿ.1oÿxyz%wÿm
Iÿm,00ÿ;!ÿ37!ÿ.1ÿ
.
#ÿ5ÿ#4!ÿs)tu(vw{|}ÿxyz%wÿ67,n6!ÿ
36"#oÿ1!
2,"!oÿ
ÿ
!160#ÿ3!1ÿ#4!ÿ"61#-!
ÿ
ÿ
1
71
ÿ!~
!"#ÿ5
-ÿ#4!ÿs)tu(vw{|}ÿ
ÿxtÿm,00ÿ#4!ÿ1"
!ÿ;!ÿ()({|ÿ
KGF>E?Cÿÿÿ Lÿ
MFNNFOPHEQCÿÿÿ R,55,"60#/Jÿp3!
.#!ÿ
BANABA>OA?Cÿÿÿ
Tÿ
HA=B>F>UÿGVWAOEFXA?CÿÿYÿZ<[\]^_L`aÿbÿc[JÿLbaÿ
>=EFG>=Hÿ?E=>M=BM?Cÿÿÿd7,#!3ÿ\#.#!1ÿbÿed\fg[hJÿ:!"4708/ÿ
1234542ÿ72583934ÿ2 934ÿ282ÿÿ14328ÿ ÿÿ
ÿ