1.3 Cells and their organization
Nucleu Cytoplas Cell Ribosom Mitochondr Cell Chloropla Vacuole
s (核) m (細胞 membra e (核醣 ia (線粒體) wall st (葉綠體) (液泡)
質) ne (細胞 體) (細
膜) 胞
壁)
Plant
cell √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Animal
cell √ √ √ √ √
Nucleus (核)
● Transparent
● Contain genetic information of cell
○ Genetic information located in DNA
● Control cell activity
Cytoplasm (細胞質)
● Thick watery liquid
● Contain enzymes
● Site of many metabolic reactions, e.g.: respiration, synthesis of proteins
○ Anaerobic respiration takes place
● Organelles found floating
Cell membrane (細胞膜)
● Boundary between cytoplasm of cell and its surroundings
● Control materials entering and leaving the cytoplasm
● Materials may pass across cell membrane by diffusion\osmosis and others by
active transport
Ribosome (核醣體)
● Microscopic
● Found in cytoplasm
1
, ● Synthesis of proteins, including enzymes
● Single cell contains millions of ribosomes
Mitochondria (線粒體)
● Microscopic
● Sausage-shaped organelle
● Aerobic respiration takes place
● Regulates cellular metabolism
—————————————————————————————————————————
Cell wall (細胞壁)
● Composed of cellulose (纖維素)
● Provides strength and protection to plant cell
● Resists forces that could change shape of cell (e.g.: turgor pressure [膨壓]), makes
cell rigid (totally porous [多孔的])
2
Nucleu Cytoplas Cell Ribosom Mitochondr Cell Chloropla Vacuole
s (核) m (細胞 membra e (核醣 ia (線粒體) wall st (葉綠體) (液泡)
質) ne (細胞 體) (細
膜) 胞
壁)
Plant
cell √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Animal
cell √ √ √ √ √
Nucleus (核)
● Transparent
● Contain genetic information of cell
○ Genetic information located in DNA
● Control cell activity
Cytoplasm (細胞質)
● Thick watery liquid
● Contain enzymes
● Site of many metabolic reactions, e.g.: respiration, synthesis of proteins
○ Anaerobic respiration takes place
● Organelles found floating
Cell membrane (細胞膜)
● Boundary between cytoplasm of cell and its surroundings
● Control materials entering and leaving the cytoplasm
● Materials may pass across cell membrane by diffusion\osmosis and others by
active transport
Ribosome (核醣體)
● Microscopic
● Found in cytoplasm
1
, ● Synthesis of proteins, including enzymes
● Single cell contains millions of ribosomes
Mitochondria (線粒體)
● Microscopic
● Sausage-shaped organelle
● Aerobic respiration takes place
● Regulates cellular metabolism
—————————————————————————————————————————
Cell wall (細胞壁)
● Composed of cellulose (纖維素)
● Provides strength and protection to plant cell
● Resists forces that could change shape of cell (e.g.: turgor pressure [膨壓]), makes
cell rigid (totally porous [多孔的])
2
