PARAMEDIC 1 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the circulating blood is unable to deliver adequate
oxygen and nutrients to the body.
what are the 2 types of hypovolemic shock? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅exogenous and endogenous
Exogenous Hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK!! External Bleeding from an open wound, may also result in loss of plasma
volume caused by diarrhea or vomitting
Endogenous Hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅fluid loss is contained within the body
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅contain histamine granules and other substances that are
released during inflammatory and allergic responses.
What % of leukocytes do basophils account for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1% but they are essential
to the nonspecific immune response because the release histamine to dilate blood vessels
what is the life span of a basophil? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a few hours to a few days
what is the function of a basophil? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅release histamine during inflammation
Mast Cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅resemble basophils but do not circulate in the blood, they are
found in connective tissue beneath the skin in GI mucosa and in the mucosal membranes of the
respiratory system.
what are the functions of mast cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅allergic reaction, immunity and
wound healing. They release histamine and seratonin and synthesize leukotrines.
what is the function of a neutrophil? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅phagocytes bacteria
,what is the function of esonophils? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅phagocytizes antigen antibody
complex and attacks parasites
what is the function of a lymphocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅immune protection, attacks cells
directly or produces antibodies
hypoperfusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅occurs when the level of tissue perfusion decreases below
normal
What does the body release in response to hypoperfusion? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅catecholamines( epinephrine and norepinephrine)
What do the catecholamines cause? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅vasoconstriction, increased systemic
vascular resistance
what happens as hypoperfusion persists? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅myocardial oxygen demand
continues to increase, tissue perfusion decreases because of decreased cardiac output. blood pressure
decreases, and often fluid will leak from blood vessels causing systemic and pulmonary edema
NSAID`s and Asprin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, leading to reduced
inflammation and pain
Prostaglandin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅synthesized by mast cells, found in vertebrate tissue and
they act as messangers involved in reproduction and inflammatory response to infection
Acquired Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅also called adaptive immunity. highly specific,
inducible, discriminatory and unforgetting method by which armies of cells respond to an immune
stimulant.
when does acquired immunity take effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅it arises when the body is
exposed to a foreign substance or disease and produces antibodies to that invader.
, passive acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the receipt of preformed antibodies to fight
or prevent an infection
Which lasts longer between passive and active immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Active
Immunity
Examples of passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅transmission of maternal antibodies and
injection of immunoglobins( a concentrated form of antibodies obtained from donors)
Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅one of the most significant endocrine diseases,
associated with either partial insulin secretion or lack of insulin secretion by the pancrease which then
affects the patients ability to utilize glucose.
Type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Ketoacidosis prone- insulin dependent diabetes, patients
need exogenous insulin to survive
type 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅non insulin dependent, even though most need insulin
shots, both forms have a hereditary predisposition.
is there a cure for type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅no cure, other than pancreas
transplantation
treatment for type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅can occasionally be brought under control
by weight
diseases with obesity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅diabetes, then kidney failure, then cardiac problems
Immune system development of a child? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Its not fully developed until the
child is between 2 and 3 years of age, therfore investigation of a fever in a child should aggressive and
thorough
hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the circulating blood is unable to deliver adequate
oxygen and nutrients to the body.
what are the 2 types of hypovolemic shock? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅exogenous and endogenous
Exogenous Hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK!! External Bleeding from an open wound, may also result in loss of plasma
volume caused by diarrhea or vomitting
Endogenous Hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅fluid loss is contained within the body
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅contain histamine granules and other substances that are
released during inflammatory and allergic responses.
What % of leukocytes do basophils account for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1% but they are essential
to the nonspecific immune response because the release histamine to dilate blood vessels
what is the life span of a basophil? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a few hours to a few days
what is the function of a basophil? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅release histamine during inflammation
Mast Cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅resemble basophils but do not circulate in the blood, they are
found in connective tissue beneath the skin in GI mucosa and in the mucosal membranes of the
respiratory system.
what are the functions of mast cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅allergic reaction, immunity and
wound healing. They release histamine and seratonin and synthesize leukotrines.
what is the function of a neutrophil? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅phagocytes bacteria
,what is the function of esonophils? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅phagocytizes antigen antibody
complex and attacks parasites
what is the function of a lymphocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅immune protection, attacks cells
directly or produces antibodies
hypoperfusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅occurs when the level of tissue perfusion decreases below
normal
What does the body release in response to hypoperfusion? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅catecholamines( epinephrine and norepinephrine)
What do the catecholamines cause? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅vasoconstriction, increased systemic
vascular resistance
what happens as hypoperfusion persists? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅myocardial oxygen demand
continues to increase, tissue perfusion decreases because of decreased cardiac output. blood pressure
decreases, and often fluid will leak from blood vessels causing systemic and pulmonary edema
NSAID`s and Asprin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, leading to reduced
inflammation and pain
Prostaglandin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅synthesized by mast cells, found in vertebrate tissue and
they act as messangers involved in reproduction and inflammatory response to infection
Acquired Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅also called adaptive immunity. highly specific,
inducible, discriminatory and unforgetting method by which armies of cells respond to an immune
stimulant.
when does acquired immunity take effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅it arises when the body is
exposed to a foreign substance or disease and produces antibodies to that invader.
, passive acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the receipt of preformed antibodies to fight
or prevent an infection
Which lasts longer between passive and active immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Active
Immunity
Examples of passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅transmission of maternal antibodies and
injection of immunoglobins( a concentrated form of antibodies obtained from donors)
Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅one of the most significant endocrine diseases,
associated with either partial insulin secretion or lack of insulin secretion by the pancrease which then
affects the patients ability to utilize glucose.
Type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Ketoacidosis prone- insulin dependent diabetes, patients
need exogenous insulin to survive
type 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅non insulin dependent, even though most need insulin
shots, both forms have a hereditary predisposition.
is there a cure for type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅no cure, other than pancreas
transplantation
treatment for type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅can occasionally be brought under control
by weight
diseases with obesity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅diabetes, then kidney failure, then cardiac problems
Immune system development of a child? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Its not fully developed until the
child is between 2 and 3 years of age, therfore investigation of a fever in a child should aggressive and
thorough
