NUR 239 Exam 2 questions with answers

NUR 239 Exam 2 questions with answers
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Cardinal Sings of Local Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
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redness
- heat
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- pain
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- swelling
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- loss of function
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vascular stage of acute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Comprised of increase blood flow and increased vascular |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



permeability |\




- Microcirculation (arterioles, capillaries, venules)
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- Process begins with:
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· Brief vasoconstriction of arterioles immediately following injury
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· Followed by vasodilation of arterioles, capillary beds
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· Increased permeability of microcirculation
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- Vasodilation = redness and heat
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- Increased capillary permeability -> leaking of fluid (exudate) =
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swelling, pain, loss of function |\ |\ |\ |\




· Acts to dilute toxins/chemicals, enhances clot formation, recruits
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WBCs to area |\ |\




· Localizes spread of microbes
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· Aided by histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and other
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chemical mediators |\

,· Fibrin helps with clotting
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3 patterns for vascular changes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.)
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Immediate transient responce |\ |\




2.) Immediate sustained response
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3.) Delayed hemodynamic response
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immediate transient response - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-After |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



minor injury |\




-Short duration (15-30 minutes)
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-reversible
-Venules


immediate sustained response - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- after |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



serious injury |\




- continues for several days
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- affects all types of blood vessels
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delayed hemodynamic response - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔venules
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and capillaries |\




Cellular Stage of Acute Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔endothelial cell activation |\ |\ |\




1. Margination (accumulation of WBCs), adhesion of WBCs to
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endothelium
2. Transmigration of WBCs across endothelium
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, 3. Chemotaxis (cell migration)
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4. Activation and phagocytosis
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Serous exudate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔watery, plasma fluid, low
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in protein
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Hemorrhagic exudate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔severe bleeding or |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



loss of blood plasma
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RBCs


fibrinous exudate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔fibrinogen, thick &
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sticky


Membranous or Pseudomembranous exudates - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



ANSWERS ✔✔develop on mucous membrane surfaces and are
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composed of necrotic cells, fibrin and purulent exudate
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acute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- rapid onset
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- shorter duration
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- fluid, plasma proteins
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- Vascular stage = brief vasoconstriction then vasodilatation,
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increased permeability, blood flow, clotting |\ |\ |\ |\




- Phagocytosis by neutrophils
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chronic inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- slower insidious
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onset