PSYC 228 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Social cognition - (answer) the investigation of how people think about others.
Accuracy - (answer) not very X, it is centered around convincing ourselves and others are accurate in
regards to reality in social cognition.
Cognitive miser - (answer) our brain takes up a lot of energy because we are processing so much
information, so we try to conserve out resources by taking shortcuts when we can.
Stroop test & Stroop effect - (answer) a standard measure of effortful control over responses, requiring
participants to identify the color of a word (which may name a different color). the finding that people
have difficult overriding the automatic tendency to read the word rather than name the ink color.
Information overload - (answer) when there is too much information for our brain's to process, we
tend to shut down. can be classified into two groups.
Sacrificer - (answer) they sacrifice some accuracy in order to do good enough cognition. typically leads
to the right answer yet mistakes are made but cognitive resources are conserved (happier and more
optimistic).
Maximizer - (answer) they try their best to be accurate. they will use the most resources possible in
order to guarantee they get to the right answer (balls of anxiety).
Deliberate system - (answer) better at awareness, intention, control, & effort.
Automatic system - (answer) better at efficiency & it relies on knowledge systems.
Awareness - (answer) deliberate is when we are aware of whats happening. automatic is when we
aren't.
Intention - (answer) deliberate requires it. we are rarely guiding our automatic.
,PSYC 228 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Control - (answer) deliberate is when we have it. automatic we don't.
Effort - (answer) deliberate requires more X which leads to accuracy, requires more resources.
automatic doesn't.
Efficiency - (answer) automatic has more X since it doesn't require as many resources, and is not
entirely wrong.
Knowledge structures - (answer) automatic system realizes on x; organized packets of information that
are stored in our memory.
Schema - (answer) shortcuts for the mind. tends to hold a lot of information about a concept which
allows us to make different assumptions or expectations.
Violations of expectations - (answer) it throws us and makes us uncomfortable causing us to think
we're wrong which we don't like to be. it feels sudden and we have to reorient ourselves to understand
what's happening.
Stereotypes - (answer) like schema, people shortcuts to information instead of object shortcuts. we fill
in our gaps in our memory. ex.) if you don't have a lot of information about a person, you might use
stereotypes to label them.
Kelly (1950): stereotyping - (answer) had a speaker come to a university and gave people who were
coming a poster that said the speaker was cool or gave them a poster that said the speaker was warm
and friendly. afterwards, they asked participants to rate the speaker on their coldness and goodness and
provide examples of that behavior. people wanted the speakers behavior to reenforce the stereotypes
their poster exemplified.
Script - (answer) an expectation of an event. focused on lists. we have a script of expectations of how
things should be. ex.) college class, birthdays, restaurants.
, PSYC 228 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Priming - (answer) works by activating a stereotype and expecting to see a change in behavior. hard to
test, hard to replicate.
Bargh, Chen, & Burrows (1996): priming - (answer) primed people with polite, neutral, or rude words.
DV: how often did the subject interrupt the experimenter. people primed with politeness rarely did.
people primed with neutral did one third of the time. people primed with rudeness did two thirds of the
time.
Framing - (answer) how you present a situation, by changing the way you view an experience.
Gain framed appeal - (answer) the emphasis is on what you can get out of an experience (possible
gains). ex.) you can win a million dollars!
Loss framed appeal - (answer) the emphasis is on the risks (possible losses). ex.) you can win a million
dollars but you could die.
Thought suppression - (answer) when we tell ourselves not to think about something, we tend to think
about it more. we are really bad at this. it's hard to monitor.
Heuristics - (answer) how we end up making decisions. similar to schema, but they aren't based on
factual info.
Representative heuristics - (answer) something which seems more representative is more likely to
happen. ex.) if a coin is flipped 5 times, what is more likely HHHHT or HTHTH (more people say option 2).
Prototype - (answer) the image which comes to mind when you think of something. ex.) chair - think of
the most common option in your mind is.
ANSWERS
Social cognition - (answer) the investigation of how people think about others.
Accuracy - (answer) not very X, it is centered around convincing ourselves and others are accurate in
regards to reality in social cognition.
Cognitive miser - (answer) our brain takes up a lot of energy because we are processing so much
information, so we try to conserve out resources by taking shortcuts when we can.
Stroop test & Stroop effect - (answer) a standard measure of effortful control over responses, requiring
participants to identify the color of a word (which may name a different color). the finding that people
have difficult overriding the automatic tendency to read the word rather than name the ink color.
Information overload - (answer) when there is too much information for our brain's to process, we
tend to shut down. can be classified into two groups.
Sacrificer - (answer) they sacrifice some accuracy in order to do good enough cognition. typically leads
to the right answer yet mistakes are made but cognitive resources are conserved (happier and more
optimistic).
Maximizer - (answer) they try their best to be accurate. they will use the most resources possible in
order to guarantee they get to the right answer (balls of anxiety).
Deliberate system - (answer) better at awareness, intention, control, & effort.
Automatic system - (answer) better at efficiency & it relies on knowledge systems.
Awareness - (answer) deliberate is when we are aware of whats happening. automatic is when we
aren't.
Intention - (answer) deliberate requires it. we are rarely guiding our automatic.
,PSYC 228 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Control - (answer) deliberate is when we have it. automatic we don't.
Effort - (answer) deliberate requires more X which leads to accuracy, requires more resources.
automatic doesn't.
Efficiency - (answer) automatic has more X since it doesn't require as many resources, and is not
entirely wrong.
Knowledge structures - (answer) automatic system realizes on x; organized packets of information that
are stored in our memory.
Schema - (answer) shortcuts for the mind. tends to hold a lot of information about a concept which
allows us to make different assumptions or expectations.
Violations of expectations - (answer) it throws us and makes us uncomfortable causing us to think
we're wrong which we don't like to be. it feels sudden and we have to reorient ourselves to understand
what's happening.
Stereotypes - (answer) like schema, people shortcuts to information instead of object shortcuts. we fill
in our gaps in our memory. ex.) if you don't have a lot of information about a person, you might use
stereotypes to label them.
Kelly (1950): stereotyping - (answer) had a speaker come to a university and gave people who were
coming a poster that said the speaker was cool or gave them a poster that said the speaker was warm
and friendly. afterwards, they asked participants to rate the speaker on their coldness and goodness and
provide examples of that behavior. people wanted the speakers behavior to reenforce the stereotypes
their poster exemplified.
Script - (answer) an expectation of an event. focused on lists. we have a script of expectations of how
things should be. ex.) college class, birthdays, restaurants.
, PSYC 228 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Priming - (answer) works by activating a stereotype and expecting to see a change in behavior. hard to
test, hard to replicate.
Bargh, Chen, & Burrows (1996): priming - (answer) primed people with polite, neutral, or rude words.
DV: how often did the subject interrupt the experimenter. people primed with politeness rarely did.
people primed with neutral did one third of the time. people primed with rudeness did two thirds of the
time.
Framing - (answer) how you present a situation, by changing the way you view an experience.
Gain framed appeal - (answer) the emphasis is on what you can get out of an experience (possible
gains). ex.) you can win a million dollars!
Loss framed appeal - (answer) the emphasis is on the risks (possible losses). ex.) you can win a million
dollars but you could die.
Thought suppression - (answer) when we tell ourselves not to think about something, we tend to think
about it more. we are really bad at this. it's hard to monitor.
Heuristics - (answer) how we end up making decisions. similar to schema, but they aren't based on
factual info.
Representative heuristics - (answer) something which seems more representative is more likely to
happen. ex.) if a coin is flipped 5 times, what is more likely HHHHT or HTHTH (more people say option 2).
Prototype - (answer) the image which comes to mind when you think of something. ex.) chair - think of
the most common option in your mind is.
