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Mental illness - (ANSWER)Moore reviewed how some of the very first human
applications of operant conditioning actually derived from those diagnosed with a
Mentalistic, unobservable - (ANSWER)Tradition viewpoints to serving the
mentally ill often involve __________ explanations of ______________
causes(such as malfunctions of the body) that are only inferred by observable
behavior. In other words, mental illnesses are caused by something inside the
person - an underlying pathology much like we consider with other medical
conditions caused by bacteria or virus. From the viewpoint of behavior analysis, of
course, the root cause is the interaction with the environment.
Positive - (ANSWER)The best explanation to why therapy works sometimes is we
all want ___________reinforcement
,Staff, coercive - (ANSWER)A lot of clinical work related to behavior problems
that take place in institutional settings are facilitated mostly for the benefit of
___________ and are unaware of the overuse of ____________ measures.
Administrative procedures, time-out, pain, outcome - (ANSWER)Reform in
institutions tends to fail because interventions typically rely on physical facilities
and administrative procedures. Misuse of reinforcement tends to utilize socially
contrived _______________. This intervention is essentially a
_______________procedure and has been a widely accepted form of attempted
punishment because it instills no_________; however, as Sidman eloquently stated,
"The cruelty lies less in the method than in ______________", (p. 259.)
Natural - (ANSWER)Contrived deprivation should not be confused
with______________ states of deprivation. For example, when working with a
person on skill acquisition in which food is a strong reinforcer, we would be
careful to schedule training times long after a meal or shortly before a scheduled
meal. In this example, we are not contriving hunger - it is a natural occurrence.
, Appropriate, coercive - (ANSWER)Once arrested and put in jail, the chances for
repeat offense is great because, as discussed, our "rehabilitative" institutions do not
rehabilitate. In other words, _______________behaviors are not shaped,
as_______________measures do not provide reinforcement of adaptable skills.
Attempts have failed at rehabilitation due to this misunderstanding of how
appropriate repertoires are shaped.
Stimulus, coercive - (ANSWER)Smith, Visher, and Davidson (1984) asserted that
policing requires discretionary implementation of the law. The authors continued
that execution has been a provocative topic since its inception (far older than the
concept of race). The stature of power that one in uniform exerts over a citizen is a
____________that confounds the relationship between citizen and officer. As
Zimbardo (2007) elaborated (regarding his famous Stanford prison experiments in
1971), "good" people can become agents of evil and innocent bystanders can
succumb to a victim status rather quickly. Examples such as the Stanford prison
experiments support the _____________nature that exists when one group of
people exert power over others.