ANSC 221 final exam questions well
answered to pass
What are the differences between grasses and legumes? advantages and disadvantages of each.
- correct answer ✔✔Grasses: provide bulk, grow under wide range of conditions, generally not
as much nutritive value as legumes except at extreme maturity conditions, palatable when
immature, high in energy, prevent erosion, better root structure
Legumes: higher in CP, vitamins and minerals, not much difference in TDN, CF, Fat, and P, may be
more digestible when young, may be less digestible when mature, improve soil fertility,
What are the common grass forages? - correct answer ✔✔Big bluestem, indian grass, switch
grass, side-oats gramma
what are the common legume forages? - correct answer ✔✔Alfala, red clover, crown vetch,
sweetclover, white dutch clover, birdsfoot trefoil
What are the characteristics of pastures, silages, hay? what are the principles regarding how
they are made? - correct answer ✔✔Pastures: fresh forage (grasses and legumes) eaten by
grazing.
Silage: preserved wet due to fermentation
Hay: dried
What is the most important factor to making and preserving good silage?
What additives might you add to silage and why? - correct answer ✔✔Acid formed to alt the
microbial activity and be preserved. Most important factor is keeping it oxygen free. Additives
might help in the fermentation process such as Ground corn - adds DM and energy
• Molasses
, • Sulfur Dioxide.
the reason for additives are: • Increase or decrease dry matter
• Alter rate, amount & kind of acid production
• Acidify
• Inhibit microbial growth
• Change type of microbes
• Increase nutrient content
What are NDF and ADF and what do they pertain to and indicate? - correct answer ✔✔NDF is
neutral detergent fiber and it reflects forage intake (negative relationship) indicates bulkiness of
feed.
ADH is acid detergent fiber and it is basically cellulose and lignin. It reflects digestibility (has a
negative relationship- high ADF= low digestibility)
What factors affect the quality of forages? Which of these do we have control of and how? -
correct answer ✔✔Species of plant, maturity, soil fertility, processing method, storage, feeding
What animals have the lowest nutrient requirements, highest nutrient
requirements, levels in between? - correct answer ✔✔Animals in maintenance have the lowest
requirements, young animals levels are high and animals that are in late pregnancy and/or
lactating have the highest requirements
CORN - correct answer ✔✔(or wheat, barley, milo)- high E feed, low protein. Used to boost
energy good for: Dairy cattle, finishing cattle, starting calves...
SBM - correct answer ✔✔(cottenseed, peanut, linseed...)- protein supplement but also high in
E. can be used for any animal to meet protein needs.
answered to pass
What are the differences between grasses and legumes? advantages and disadvantages of each.
- correct answer ✔✔Grasses: provide bulk, grow under wide range of conditions, generally not
as much nutritive value as legumes except at extreme maturity conditions, palatable when
immature, high in energy, prevent erosion, better root structure
Legumes: higher in CP, vitamins and minerals, not much difference in TDN, CF, Fat, and P, may be
more digestible when young, may be less digestible when mature, improve soil fertility,
What are the common grass forages? - correct answer ✔✔Big bluestem, indian grass, switch
grass, side-oats gramma
what are the common legume forages? - correct answer ✔✔Alfala, red clover, crown vetch,
sweetclover, white dutch clover, birdsfoot trefoil
What are the characteristics of pastures, silages, hay? what are the principles regarding how
they are made? - correct answer ✔✔Pastures: fresh forage (grasses and legumes) eaten by
grazing.
Silage: preserved wet due to fermentation
Hay: dried
What is the most important factor to making and preserving good silage?
What additives might you add to silage and why? - correct answer ✔✔Acid formed to alt the
microbial activity and be preserved. Most important factor is keeping it oxygen free. Additives
might help in the fermentation process such as Ground corn - adds DM and energy
• Molasses
, • Sulfur Dioxide.
the reason for additives are: • Increase or decrease dry matter
• Alter rate, amount & kind of acid production
• Acidify
• Inhibit microbial growth
• Change type of microbes
• Increase nutrient content
What are NDF and ADF and what do they pertain to and indicate? - correct answer ✔✔NDF is
neutral detergent fiber and it reflects forage intake (negative relationship) indicates bulkiness of
feed.
ADH is acid detergent fiber and it is basically cellulose and lignin. It reflects digestibility (has a
negative relationship- high ADF= low digestibility)
What factors affect the quality of forages? Which of these do we have control of and how? -
correct answer ✔✔Species of plant, maturity, soil fertility, processing method, storage, feeding
What animals have the lowest nutrient requirements, highest nutrient
requirements, levels in between? - correct answer ✔✔Animals in maintenance have the lowest
requirements, young animals levels are high and animals that are in late pregnancy and/or
lactating have the highest requirements
CORN - correct answer ✔✔(or wheat, barley, milo)- high E feed, low protein. Used to boost
energy good for: Dairy cattle, finishing cattle, starting calves...
SBM - correct answer ✔✔(cottenseed, peanut, linseed...)- protein supplement but also high in
E. can be used for any animal to meet protein needs.
