2024 PEARSON EDEXCEL A italy Edexcel a
level history QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS SOLVED .
1912 - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔greater suffrage introduced
1913 - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- first elections under new suffrage law in italy
- socialists, radicals, nationalists and catholics all make gains
1935-1939 reasons of increasing discontent and growing concern - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- high military
spending was squeezing middle class incomes + savings ( V unpopular)
- autarky -> consumer products becoming more expensive
- battle for grain -> worsening diet = living standards falling
- increasingly reliant italian economy on germany
- anti-semetic policies and radical measures increases discontent
- cult of Il Duce becoming harder to sustain
aims of battle for land - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- promised prosperity and give land to small peasents
- "ruralise" Italy - reduce urbanisation and promoting domestic produce
aims of the development of corporate state - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- cooperation between employers
and workers to maximise production for the benefit of Italy.
- elimination of industrial disputes
- every industry become part of a fascist-led cooperation
aims of the stress front - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔1. Prevent German expansion, especially into Austria
(which Italy considered within its sphere of influence).
2. Reaffirm opposition to German rearmament.
,3. Demonstrate unity among Western powers.
4. For Mussolini: Boost Italy's diplomatic prestige and position Italy as a key player in European affairs.
April 1915? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- 26th April -> treaty of london
- salandra signs without government support, commits italy to join side of Britain, France and Russia
autarky policies/measures?? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- battle for grain
- increased currency controls
- quotas on foreign imports
- production of substitutes for products not made domestically e.g. rayon instead of cotton
- searches for new energy sources
- less focus on production of consumer goods
- agricultural products were stockplied
- gov spending on autarky measured 2x
( 30bil 1934 to 60bil 1938)
battle for births aims - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- encourage Italians to increase size of families so that by
1950 Italy's population would have grown from 40million to 60 million
- youthful pop needed for army, and to govern and populate overseas empire
battle for grain aims - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- to make italy self-sufficient in terms of grain production.
- to reduce the balance of trade deficit
- increase production of cereal crops
battle for grain? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔• July 1925
- promise make Italy self-sufficient grain produce
• Target sets for increases in crop production , high tariffs on for imports
• Grants for modern farming tech, equip and fertilisers
• 50% rise in wheat prod, esp in fertile Po Valley (Northern)
,• Not successful:
- Valuable export crops (olives/grapes) didn't receive same amount of supp so prod didn't match
- Animal livestock # drop by 500,000 by end of 1927
- Not self-sufficient in fertilisers which were required for high yield
- Meat and egg prod decline, imports increase, prices rose and living stand decline
- Govt subsidies acc allowed inefficient farms to survive in south
- 1933 - Italy was dependent on foreign imports, 500 mil tonnes of foreign food imports take place in
1933
battle for the lira? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- Campaign launched by Mussolini in 1926 that aimed at
strengthening Italy's currency, which had dropped from 90 per GBP in 1922 to 150 per GBP in 1926.
- in this campaign, currency artificially fixed at 90 per GBP.
-Workers' wages were cut by 10% to reflect the stronger currency.
- Mussolini hoped this would stop inflation, improve Italy's prestige, give the impression that the Fascists
were bringing stability. However, in order to achieve self-sufficiency,
battle of caporetto 1917?? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- Italian military disaster in which Italian troops
retreated before an Austro-German offensive
- retreats made by the Italian army lost them more than 300,000 men.
- blame went on Cardona (head of army) and was removed and replaced by Diaz
before 1922, why were there tensions between fascist movement and church - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔-
catholic trade unions rivalled fascist organisations
- fascist indoctrination of young clashed with church vlaues
- catholic actions ( ran youth groups) clashed with fascist youth organisations
benefits for church? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- extended influence + role in italian society
- re-entered into education
- "religious revival" Catholic marriages and schools increased
- power-sharing agreement between church and PNF
, benefits of lateran acts for mussolini? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- very good success
- gained admiration of italian people - solution of roman q
- cemented consolidation and legitimacy of power
- removed opposition/ threat of church to his power
collapse of salandras government 1916 ? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- strafexpedition from austria
- calandras government fell as a result of humiliating defeat and replaced by boselli
context of the stresa front - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔In 1935, Hitler had announced German rearmament
and the creation of an air force, violating the Treaty of Versailles.
Britain, France, and Italy were alarmed by this threat to European peace.
Mussolini saw an opportunity to assert Italy's influence and strengthen ties with Britain and France
while containing Germany.
counterarguments for the growing discontent and concern 1935-1939 - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔-
however, still no evidence of anti-fascist policies in italy
- police were effectively controlling any emerging opposition
- M remained very popular
date of when Libyan war started - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔29 septmebr 1911
dates and treaties mussolini signed when trying to strengthen forgien policy 1923-1925 - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔✔1923: Poland, czechoslovakia, austria
1924: Soviet Union, switzerland
1925: Hungary, spain, Albania, greece
details of elections of April 1924 - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- atmosphere of intimidation and violence
- one socialist candidate killed during campaign
- evidence of vote rigging and corruption
level history QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS SOLVED .
1912 - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔greater suffrage introduced
1913 - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- first elections under new suffrage law in italy
- socialists, radicals, nationalists and catholics all make gains
1935-1939 reasons of increasing discontent and growing concern - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- high military
spending was squeezing middle class incomes + savings ( V unpopular)
- autarky -> consumer products becoming more expensive
- battle for grain -> worsening diet = living standards falling
- increasingly reliant italian economy on germany
- anti-semetic policies and radical measures increases discontent
- cult of Il Duce becoming harder to sustain
aims of battle for land - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- promised prosperity and give land to small peasents
- "ruralise" Italy - reduce urbanisation and promoting domestic produce
aims of the development of corporate state - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- cooperation between employers
and workers to maximise production for the benefit of Italy.
- elimination of industrial disputes
- every industry become part of a fascist-led cooperation
aims of the stress front - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔1. Prevent German expansion, especially into Austria
(which Italy considered within its sphere of influence).
2. Reaffirm opposition to German rearmament.
,3. Demonstrate unity among Western powers.
4. For Mussolini: Boost Italy's diplomatic prestige and position Italy as a key player in European affairs.
April 1915? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- 26th April -> treaty of london
- salandra signs without government support, commits italy to join side of Britain, France and Russia
autarky policies/measures?? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- battle for grain
- increased currency controls
- quotas on foreign imports
- production of substitutes for products not made domestically e.g. rayon instead of cotton
- searches for new energy sources
- less focus on production of consumer goods
- agricultural products were stockplied
- gov spending on autarky measured 2x
( 30bil 1934 to 60bil 1938)
battle for births aims - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- encourage Italians to increase size of families so that by
1950 Italy's population would have grown from 40million to 60 million
- youthful pop needed for army, and to govern and populate overseas empire
battle for grain aims - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- to make italy self-sufficient in terms of grain production.
- to reduce the balance of trade deficit
- increase production of cereal crops
battle for grain? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔• July 1925
- promise make Italy self-sufficient grain produce
• Target sets for increases in crop production , high tariffs on for imports
• Grants for modern farming tech, equip and fertilisers
• 50% rise in wheat prod, esp in fertile Po Valley (Northern)
,• Not successful:
- Valuable export crops (olives/grapes) didn't receive same amount of supp so prod didn't match
- Animal livestock # drop by 500,000 by end of 1927
- Not self-sufficient in fertilisers which were required for high yield
- Meat and egg prod decline, imports increase, prices rose and living stand decline
- Govt subsidies acc allowed inefficient farms to survive in south
- 1933 - Italy was dependent on foreign imports, 500 mil tonnes of foreign food imports take place in
1933
battle for the lira? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- Campaign launched by Mussolini in 1926 that aimed at
strengthening Italy's currency, which had dropped from 90 per GBP in 1922 to 150 per GBP in 1926.
- in this campaign, currency artificially fixed at 90 per GBP.
-Workers' wages were cut by 10% to reflect the stronger currency.
- Mussolini hoped this would stop inflation, improve Italy's prestige, give the impression that the Fascists
were bringing stability. However, in order to achieve self-sufficiency,
battle of caporetto 1917?? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- Italian military disaster in which Italian troops
retreated before an Austro-German offensive
- retreats made by the Italian army lost them more than 300,000 men.
- blame went on Cardona (head of army) and was removed and replaced by Diaz
before 1922, why were there tensions between fascist movement and church - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔-
catholic trade unions rivalled fascist organisations
- fascist indoctrination of young clashed with church vlaues
- catholic actions ( ran youth groups) clashed with fascist youth organisations
benefits for church? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- extended influence + role in italian society
- re-entered into education
- "religious revival" Catholic marriages and schools increased
- power-sharing agreement between church and PNF
, benefits of lateran acts for mussolini? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- very good success
- gained admiration of italian people - solution of roman q
- cemented consolidation and legitimacy of power
- removed opposition/ threat of church to his power
collapse of salandras government 1916 ? - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- strafexpedition from austria
- calandras government fell as a result of humiliating defeat and replaced by boselli
context of the stresa front - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔In 1935, Hitler had announced German rearmament
and the creation of an air force, violating the Treaty of Versailles.
Britain, France, and Italy were alarmed by this threat to European peace.
Mussolini saw an opportunity to assert Italy's influence and strengthen ties with Britain and France
while containing Germany.
counterarguments for the growing discontent and concern 1935-1939 - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔-
however, still no evidence of anti-fascist policies in italy
- police were effectively controlling any emerging opposition
- M remained very popular
date of when Libyan war started - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔29 septmebr 1911
dates and treaties mussolini signed when trying to strengthen forgien policy 1923-1925 - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔✔1923: Poland, czechoslovakia, austria
1924: Soviet Union, switzerland
1925: Hungary, spain, Albania, greece
details of elections of April 1924 - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔- atmosphere of intimidation and violence
- one socialist candidate killed during campaign
- evidence of vote rigging and corruption
