NC Pesticide Applicator Core FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT SOLUTIONS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION

NC Pesticide Applicator Core FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT SOLUTIONS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION 1. Preventions - ANSWER pre-plant or pre-emergence herbicides, fungicide treatments, wood structure treatments 2. Suppression - ANSWER does not eliminate all pests, but reduces them to a point below economic injury level 3. Eradication - ANSWER the total elimination from a pest in a given area 4. Mode of Action - ANSWER how the pesticide works i.e., affects nervous system, digestive system, etc. 5. Selectivity - ANSWER control only certain species of pests or affect only certain stage of pest development 6. Non-selective - ANSWER affect a range of species. i.e., fumigants harmful to many species. 7. Systemic Pesticides - ANSWER absorbed in plants through leaves and roots, though skin in animals, then are transported within the treated pest 8. Contact Pesticides - ANSWER remain on surface of treated pest and are not absorbed and only affect part of plant or pest that is exposed. 9. Residual Pesticides - ANSWER the persistence, or how long a pesticide remains in the environment, which varies among pesticides 10. Integrated Pest Management - ANSWER coordinated use of appropriate pest control tactics to reduce pests and their damage to an acceptable level 11. Pest Control Failure - ANSWER most often caused by incorrect pest identification and lack of information about pest 12. Scouting and trapping - ANSWER pest monitoring technique 13. Thresholds - ANSWER pest population levels at which you should take pest control action to prevent pests from causing unacceptable injury. Economic, health, and aesthetic considerations. 14. Economic Injury Level - ANSWER The pest population level at which the value of lost crop yield EQUALS the cost of controlling that pest population. 15. Economic or Action Threshold - ANSWER the pest population at which control measure are needed to prevent reaching the economic injury level 16. Management method or control strategy - ANSWER should offer best combination of effectiveness and environmental safety 17. Natural Control Measures - ANSWER may stop or destroy pests without human interference. ex. weather, topography, natural enemies 18. Applied controls - ANSWER Pest control measures used by humans. These include biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical control. 19. Biological Control - ANSWER the intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population 20. Biological Controls - ANSWER Predators, parasites, pathogens 21. Mechanical Controls - ANSWER screens, machines, fences, traps that prevent pest activity 22. Exclusion - ANSWER screen barriers, sealing cracks and small openings 23. Cultural Control - ANSWER sometimes the lowest cost option, designed to alter the environment or the condition of the host plant or site to prevent or suppress an infection 24. Physical/ Environmental Modifications - ANSWER altering these aspects of an enclosed area, such as lowering humidity, regulating temperature, increasing air movement 25. Natural Resistance - ANSWER use of plants with this quality may prevent pest problems more effectively and for longer than applying pesticieds 26. Genetic Resistance - ANSWER when a plant or animal is bred to be resistant 27. Types of Regulatory pest Control - ANSWER Quarantine and eradication 28. Chemical Controls (Pesticides) - ANSWER usually effective, usually quick acting, cost less than other control options 29. Chemical Controls (Pesticides) - ANSWER may lose effectiveness over time, may harm non-target species, may drift offsite, often perceived as best solution when they aren't 30. Concentrated solutions - ANSWER solution that will require further dilution with a liquid solvent before application 31. Liquid baits - ANSWER an insecticide or rodenticide that is often a concentrated sugar solution which is found in a ready-to-use package. mostly used to manage ants and occasionally cockroaches 32. Ultra-low volume - ANSWER concentrates that approach 100% active ingredient and are used as is, or diluted with very small amounts of specified solvents. 33. Aersols - ANSWER formulations containing one or more active ingredients along with a solvent and are found as either ready-to-use or as a smoke / fog product. the active ingredients are present in very low percentages 34. Ready-to-use aersol - ANSWER small, self contained units that release pesticide when the nozzle valve is triggered, causing an inert, pressurized gas to push the pesticide through an opening creating fine droplets. 35. Smoke generators - ANSWER sold in a machine that breaks the liquid formation into a fine mist or fog using a rapidly whirling disk or a heated surface. 36. Invert emulsions - ANSWER formulation containing a water-soluble pesticide dispersed in an oil carrier and requiring a special emulsifier to allow mixing. 37. Flowables - ANSWER pesticides containing substances that are not soluble in water or oil, so they are impregnated onto a dry carrier and then suspended in a liquid 38. Dusts - ANSWER ready-to-use with a low percentage of active ingredient with a dry inert carrier. 39. Granules - ANSWER similar to dusts but with larger, heavier particles and should not be mixed with anything else. 40. Pellets - ANSWER all particles are more or less the same shape making them ideal for spot treatments 41. Slurry - ANSWER a thick liquid mixture used to make pellet pesticides 42. Wettable powders - ANSWER Dry, finely ground formulations containing from 25-80% active ingredient. These do not dissolve in water. 43. Water-Dispersable Granules - ANSWER wettable powder formulations compressed into dust free, granule-sized particles. they typically come with a precalibrated measuring device based on the product's density 44. Soluble powders - ANSWER similar in appearance to wettable powders however they will dissolve when placed in water to form a true solution and will not require additional agitation 45. Baits - ANSWER an active ingredient mixed with food or some other edible attractant 46. Fumigants - ANSWER pesticides that form toxic gases when applied 47. Microencapsulated pesticides - ANSWER dry or liquid droplets surrounded by a coating which are then mixed with water and applied as a spray 48. Water-soluble packaging - ANSWER a special plastic film that will dissolve to release its contents when placed in a water spraytank 49. Impregnates - ANSWER active ingredient that is incorporated into another material such as plastic which allows it to evaporate over time 50. Animal systemics - ANSWER a formulation that is absorbed by, enter the tissues of, and move through a treated animal 51. Pesticide-fertilizer combinations - ANSWER granule or pellet formations that contain both pesticide and fertilizer elements providing defense and nourishment 52. Accumulation - ANSWER buildup 53. Adsorption - ANSWER the process of adhesion; coating a particle or binding something to surface 54. Back-siphoning - ANSWER the movement of liquid pesticide mixture back through the filling hose and into the water source 55. Biological diversity - ANSWER the variety and differences among living things, usually within an ecosystem 56. Buffer zone - ANSWER a strip of land that separates pesticide treated areas from untreated areas. 57. Collection pad / tray - ANSWER a safety system designed to contain and recover spills, leaks, rinsates, and other pesticide-containing substances 58. Drift - ANSWER the movement of pesticides away from the release site in air 59. Endangered species - ANSWER Species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. 60. Environment - ANSWER the world around us including all physical, chemical, and biological surroundings 61. Environmental hazard statements - ANSWER statements on a pesticide labeling that list possible environmental hazards that may result from using a pesticide 62. Erosion - ANSWER the movement of sediment, soil, and rock from the ground surface 63. Groundwater - ANSWER water beneath the earth's surface 64. Leaching - ANSWER the movement of pesticide in water or another liquid downward through soil or other planting medium 65. Nonpoint source pollution - ANSWER contamination from pesticides that comes from a wide, nonspecific area or braoadcast applications. 66. Offsite - ANSWER outside the area where the pesticide is applied, mixed, or loaded 67. Organic matter - ANSWER materials and debris in the soil that began as living plants or animals 68. Permeability - ANSWER the ability of a substance to allow liquids or gases to pass through it 69. Point source pollution - ANSWER contamination that comes from a specific, identifiable place 70. Pollution - ANSWER environmental contamination 71. Predator - ANSWER an animal that attacks, kills, and feeds on other animals 72. Residue - ANSWER an amount of pesticide that remains in the environment after an application or spill 73. Rinsate - ANSWER pesticide containing water that results from rinsing a pesticide container, equipment, or other pesticide-containing such materials 74. Runoff - ANSWER the movement of pesticide away from the release site in water or another liquid flowing laterally across the surface 75. Secondary poisoning - ANSWER when a predator or scavenger ingests pesticide by eating an animal killed by a pesticide 76. Sensitive areas - ANSWER Sites or organisms that are particularly vulnerable to harmful effects from pesticides. 77. Soil permeability - ANSWER A property of soil that allows liquids or gases to pass through. The more permeable a soil is, the faster water will flow through it 78. Solubility - ANSWER the ability of a pesticide to dissolve in a solvent such as water 79. Surface water - ANSWER water on top of the earth's surface such as in lakes, streams, rivers, etc 80. Temperature inversion - ANSWER a weather occurrence in which a layer of warm air traps a layer of cool air near the ground surface 81. Water table - ANSWER the diving line between the saturated zone of water underground and the unsaturated rock or soil above it 82. Watershed - ANSWER the land on which water drains into one particular waterway 83. Acute toxicity - ANSWER The measure of harm caused by a single one time exposure event 84. Chronic toxicity - ANSWER The measure of harm caused by repeated, prolonged exposure to small amounts of pesticide 85. Delayed Systemic Effects - ANSWER illnesses or injuries to a system in the body that appears more than 24 hours after exposure 86. Developmental effects - ANSWER injuries or illnesses of a fetus in the womb of a woman who has been exposed to a pesticide 87. Exposed/exposure - ANSWER Contacting or touching (or subjected to contact with) a pesticide; getting a pesticide on a surface, or in or on an organism. Exposures may be oral, inhalation, dermal, or ocular. 88. Hazard - ANSWER the risk of harmful effects from a pesticide 89. Heat stress - ANSWER A potentially life-threatening illness that occurs when the body is subjected to more heat than it can adjust to. 90. What are the disadvantages of fumigants? - ANSWER The target site may have to be covered Non-specific target Requires specialized PPE 91. Chemicals that do not possess pesticidal activity, but are used to increase the effectiveness or improve safety - ANSWER Adjuvants 92. Consist of spreaders and wetting agents, stickers (extenders), or penetrants - ANSWER Surfactants 93. Allows pesticides to form a uniform coating layer over a surface - ANSWER Spreaders and wetting agents