ANSC 3270 Exam questions and
answers graded A+
need to precisely match nutrient supply w/requirements at least cost, improve efficiency of
production, assure environmental sustainability, and maximize net income, assuming a
functional and healthy gut w/stable and normal microflora - correct answer ✔✔what is a
nutritionist driven by?
inadequate endogenous enzyme secretion
reduced absorptive capacity
inadequate HCl acid secretion
inadequate food and water intake - correct answer ✔✔limitations of young gut biology
limitations of young gut biology
inherent digestive inefficiency - correct answer ✔✔why is digestion/absorption not
perfect/complete?
phytate
fibre and resistant starch bc it's an anti-nutrient and encapsulates other nutrients (?)
inhibitors and toxins
ex. chronic enteritis is related to high protein consumption
implications: increase endogenous loss, lower net nutrient absorption - correct answer
✔✔what feed compounds cause digestive inefficiency and what are the implications?
crop and small intestine
gram+ faculatative anaerobes
,colonization resistance
compete for nutrients
growth-depressing bacterial catabolites - correct answer ✔✔what is the proximal gut?
describe its microbiota?
ceca, colon, cloaca
gram- anaerobes
colonization resistance
VFA energy production
growth-depressing bacterial catabolites - correct answer ✔✔what is the distal gut?
describe its bacteria
stimulate overgrowth of deleterious/pathogenic microflora in the gut
this reduces fat digestion through deconjugation and dehydroxylation, so the animal absorbs
less energy and toxic products are produced, both of which contribute to lack of growth -
correct answer ✔✔what effect do undigested/unabsorbed nutrients in the gut have?
when nutrients are absorbed, they go to the plasma nutrition pool
pathogens cause the animal to eat less, so there are fewer available nutrient and increase
excretion and maintenance energy requirements, ultimately resulting in less total energy for the
animal to use for growth, and may even cause them to break down tissues in order to get
enough energy to fight disease - correct answer ✔✔how does gut health status influence
nutrient utilization?
causes pathogenic bloom
increases enteric disease risk and gut wall damage
causes increased competition for nutrients, gut maintenance and immunity due to the nutrient
diversion
,increases tissue catabolism - correct answer ✔✔what impact does gut microbial dysfunction
have on efficient nutrient digestion and absorption?
effective digestion and absorption of feed
asbsence of gut illness
normal and stable intestinal microbiota
effective immune status - correct answer ✔✔elements of gut health
germ-free: increases efficiency of nutrient utilization, but low barrier function
acute pathogen load: sick and inflamed w/poor digestion and high nutrient requirements
want to be in sweet spot b/w the two extremes - correct answer ✔✔how does gut health affect
performance?
antibiotics prevent bacterial colonization, which reduces gut microbial use of nutrients and
enhances uptake/use of nutrients through SI wall
also reduces sub-clinical infect, growth-depressing gut microbial metabolites, and immunologic
stress - correct answer ✔✔how do antibiotics get us to the sweet spot for growth promotion?
antibiotics decrease bacteria, allowing the animal to absorb and create more amino acids,
especially threonine, which is important for mucus production, which is used to fight bacteria
also helpful bc adding AAs to diet is v expensive - correct answer ✔✔antimicrobials and amino
acids
i) intestinal microbiota is abundant, diverse, and dynamic, hard to define what ideal is
ii) highly influenced by gut environment ex. stuff flows very fast through SI, may not help there
if it flow out too fast
iii) influenced by life events such as weaning stress (rapid decrease in lactobacilli and increase in
E.coli, inflammatory response (IL-1), reduced barrier function)
, iv) influenced by management ex. better in highly sanitized environments, lower stocking
density, and affected by sex and genetics
v) changes w/age - can make developing a probiotic hard bc gut microbiota will change so much
as they age, may want to establish adult gut biota early on
*hard to predict what will work, lots of trial and error* - correct answer ✔✔5 challenges to
finding effective alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters?
bacteria causes damage/adhesions to gut wall, causing it to be more permeable/"leaky"
this reduces nutrient absorption - correct answer ✔✔reduced barrier function
controlled by complex interactions b/w gut health, environment, and diet
can find and manage it w/out antibiotics, but difficult bc managed by so many factors and there
are so many options - correct answer ✔✔gut health sweet spot
stimulate functional gut development - can be done using functional ingredients and nutrients,
probiotics, and changing feed structure
complement endogenous enzymes - add feed enzymes - correct answer ✔✔strategies for
alternatives to antibiotics - improving digestion
seed w/favourable microflora - probiotics, feed microbes such as lactobacilli
feed favourable microflora - prebiotics, feed enzymes
weed out pathogens - organic acids, essential oils, feed enzymes - correct answer ✔✔seed,
feed, and weed protocol
improve barrier function - probiotics, betaine
repair gut wall - butyrate, betaine, EGF - correct answer ✔✔strategies for alternatives to
antibiotics - maintain gut integrity
73% of emerging diseases are considered to be zoonotic diseases, many target resp system
answers graded A+
need to precisely match nutrient supply w/requirements at least cost, improve efficiency of
production, assure environmental sustainability, and maximize net income, assuming a
functional and healthy gut w/stable and normal microflora - correct answer ✔✔what is a
nutritionist driven by?
inadequate endogenous enzyme secretion
reduced absorptive capacity
inadequate HCl acid secretion
inadequate food and water intake - correct answer ✔✔limitations of young gut biology
limitations of young gut biology
inherent digestive inefficiency - correct answer ✔✔why is digestion/absorption not
perfect/complete?
phytate
fibre and resistant starch bc it's an anti-nutrient and encapsulates other nutrients (?)
inhibitors and toxins
ex. chronic enteritis is related to high protein consumption
implications: increase endogenous loss, lower net nutrient absorption - correct answer
✔✔what feed compounds cause digestive inefficiency and what are the implications?
crop and small intestine
gram+ faculatative anaerobes
,colonization resistance
compete for nutrients
growth-depressing bacterial catabolites - correct answer ✔✔what is the proximal gut?
describe its microbiota?
ceca, colon, cloaca
gram- anaerobes
colonization resistance
VFA energy production
growth-depressing bacterial catabolites - correct answer ✔✔what is the distal gut?
describe its bacteria
stimulate overgrowth of deleterious/pathogenic microflora in the gut
this reduces fat digestion through deconjugation and dehydroxylation, so the animal absorbs
less energy and toxic products are produced, both of which contribute to lack of growth -
correct answer ✔✔what effect do undigested/unabsorbed nutrients in the gut have?
when nutrients are absorbed, they go to the plasma nutrition pool
pathogens cause the animal to eat less, so there are fewer available nutrient and increase
excretion and maintenance energy requirements, ultimately resulting in less total energy for the
animal to use for growth, and may even cause them to break down tissues in order to get
enough energy to fight disease - correct answer ✔✔how does gut health status influence
nutrient utilization?
causes pathogenic bloom
increases enteric disease risk and gut wall damage
causes increased competition for nutrients, gut maintenance and immunity due to the nutrient
diversion
,increases tissue catabolism - correct answer ✔✔what impact does gut microbial dysfunction
have on efficient nutrient digestion and absorption?
effective digestion and absorption of feed
asbsence of gut illness
normal and stable intestinal microbiota
effective immune status - correct answer ✔✔elements of gut health
germ-free: increases efficiency of nutrient utilization, but low barrier function
acute pathogen load: sick and inflamed w/poor digestion and high nutrient requirements
want to be in sweet spot b/w the two extremes - correct answer ✔✔how does gut health affect
performance?
antibiotics prevent bacterial colonization, which reduces gut microbial use of nutrients and
enhances uptake/use of nutrients through SI wall
also reduces sub-clinical infect, growth-depressing gut microbial metabolites, and immunologic
stress - correct answer ✔✔how do antibiotics get us to the sweet spot for growth promotion?
antibiotics decrease bacteria, allowing the animal to absorb and create more amino acids,
especially threonine, which is important for mucus production, which is used to fight bacteria
also helpful bc adding AAs to diet is v expensive - correct answer ✔✔antimicrobials and amino
acids
i) intestinal microbiota is abundant, diverse, and dynamic, hard to define what ideal is
ii) highly influenced by gut environment ex. stuff flows very fast through SI, may not help there
if it flow out too fast
iii) influenced by life events such as weaning stress (rapid decrease in lactobacilli and increase in
E.coli, inflammatory response (IL-1), reduced barrier function)
, iv) influenced by management ex. better in highly sanitized environments, lower stocking
density, and affected by sex and genetics
v) changes w/age - can make developing a probiotic hard bc gut microbiota will change so much
as they age, may want to establish adult gut biota early on
*hard to predict what will work, lots of trial and error* - correct answer ✔✔5 challenges to
finding effective alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters?
bacteria causes damage/adhesions to gut wall, causing it to be more permeable/"leaky"
this reduces nutrient absorption - correct answer ✔✔reduced barrier function
controlled by complex interactions b/w gut health, environment, and diet
can find and manage it w/out antibiotics, but difficult bc managed by so many factors and there
are so many options - correct answer ✔✔gut health sweet spot
stimulate functional gut development - can be done using functional ingredients and nutrients,
probiotics, and changing feed structure
complement endogenous enzymes - add feed enzymes - correct answer ✔✔strategies for
alternatives to antibiotics - improving digestion
seed w/favourable microflora - probiotics, feed microbes such as lactobacilli
feed favourable microflora - prebiotics, feed enzymes
weed out pathogens - organic acids, essential oils, feed enzymes - correct answer ✔✔seed,
feed, and weed protocol
improve barrier function - probiotics, betaine
repair gut wall - butyrate, betaine, EGF - correct answer ✔✔strategies for alternatives to
antibiotics - maintain gut integrity
73% of emerging diseases are considered to be zoonotic diseases, many target resp system
