bio 182 final exam with correct answers

bio 182 final exam with correct answers

ecology;whatisit'spurpose?-✔✔-studyofhoworganismsinteractwiththeirenvironment

-tounderstandthedistributionandabundanceoforganisms

population-✔✔groupofindividualsofthesamespecieslivinginthesamearea,atthesametime

community-✔✔consistsofspeciesthatinteractwithoneanotherwithinaparticulararea

ecosystem-✔✔consistsofallorganismsinaparticularregion,alongwithnon-livingcomponents

abioticcomponents-✔✔air,water,andnon-livingpartsofsoil

range-✔✔geographicaldistribution;abiotic&bioticdeterminerange

biomes-✔✔majorgroupingsofplantandanimalcommunitiesdefinedbyadominantvegetationtype

climate-✔✔theprevailing,long-termweatherconditionsfoundinanarea

tropicalwetforests(rainforests)-
✔✔foundinequatorregionswheretemperaturesarehighandannualtemperatureisverylow;produceabunda
ntplantgrowth,leadtohighabove-groundbiomass

borealforest(taiga)-✔✔formsonsubarcticlands,dominatedbyhighlycold-
tolerantconifers;productivityislow,above-groundbiomassishighbecauseslow-
growingtreespeciesmaybelong-livedandbecomebig

tundra-✔✔foundthroughoutthearcticregions;lowproductivityandlowabove-
groundbiomassanditstreeless

permafrost-✔✔soilsareinapermanentlyfrozenstate;limitsboththereleaseanduptakeofnutrients

simulationstudies-✔✔arebasedoncomputermodelsofweatherpatternsinlocalregions

observationalstudies-✔✔basedonlong-termmonitoringatfixedsite

historicalstudies-✔✔examinetherelationshipb/
wCO2levels,climatechange,&thedistributionandabundanceoforganismsbasedoneventsmillionsofyearsag
o

experiments-
✔✔designedtosimulatechangedclimateconditionsandtorecordresponsesbytheorganismspresent

behavior-✔✔anactionorresponsetoastimulus

behavioralbiology-✔✔studyofhoworganismsrespondtoparticularstimulifromthoseenvironments

proximatecausation(mechanistic)-✔✔explainshowactionsoccur

, ultimatecausation(evolutionary)-✔✔explainswhyactionsoccur

fixedactionpatterns(FAP's)-✔✔highlyinflexiblestereotypicalbehaviorpatterns

innatebehaviors-
✔✔behaviorthatisinheritedandshowslittlevariationbasedonlearningortheindividualscondition

costbenefitanalysis-
✔✔animalsappeartoweighthecostsandbenefitsofrespondingtoaparticularsituationinvariousways

foraging-✔✔whenanimalsseekfood

piloting-✔✔useoffamiliarlandmarks

compassorientation-✔✔movementorientedinaspecificdirection

truenavigation-✔✔abilitytolocateaspecificplaceonearth'ssurface

circadianclock-✔✔maintainsa24-hourrhythmofchemicalactivity-animalsusesunfordirection

communication-✔✔processinwhichasignalfromoneindividualmodifiesthebehaviorofanotherindividual

altruism-
✔✔behaviorthathasafitnesscosttotheindividualexhibitingitandafitnessbenefittotherecipient,appearstoc
ontradictthispattern(queenbeesgivingthemselvesupforthequeentoreproduce)

hamilton'srule-
✔✔canbeexpressedasBr>C,whereBisthefitnessbenefittothebeneficiary,risthecoefficientofrelatedness,an
dcisthefitnesscosttotheactor

inclusivefitness-✔✔thecombinationofdirectandindirectfitnesscomponents

kinselection-✔✔naturalselectionthatactsthroughbenefitstorelativesandresultsinincreasedindirectfitness

eusoiaity-✔✔sometimesaltruisticbehaviorisinvoluntary;inbeepopulation,workerssacrificemost/
alloftheirdirectreproductiontohelprearthequeen'soffspring

reciprocalaltruism-
✔✔anexchangeoffitnessbenefitsthatareseparatedintime;vervetmonkeysgroomunrelatedindividualsthat
havegroomedorhelpedtheminthepast

populationecology-✔✔thestudyofhowandwhythenumberindividualsinapopulationchangesovertime

populationdensity-✔✔numberofindividualsperunitarea-oftenvariest/oitsrange

metapopulation-✔✔populationofpopulationsconnectedbymigration

immigration-✔✔occurswhenindividualsenterapopulationbymovingfromanotherpopulation

emigration-✔✔occurswhenindividualsleaveapopulationtojoinanotherpopulation

lifetable-
✔✔summarizestheprobabilitythatanindividualwillsurviveandreproduceinanygiventimeintervalovertheco
urseofitslifetime