BIO 182 FINAL EXAM ASU with correct answers.

BIO 182 FINAL EXAM ASU with correct
answers

Whatisextinction?-✔✔Thelossordeathofaspecies

Whatismassextinction?-✔✔Adeclineinbiodiversitygreaterthanthebackgroundextinctionrate

Whatisbackgroundextinction?-
✔✔Backgroundextinctionoccurswhencertainpopulationsarereducedtozerobecauseofnormalenvironmen
tchange,emergingdisease,predationpressure,orcompetitionwithanotherspecies

Howaremassextinctionsdetectedandhowmanyhavebeendetected?-
✔✔They'redetectedgeologically,andtherehavebeen5detected

WhatorganismsbecameextinctduringthePleistoceneandCretaceousandwhatarepossiblecausesfortheseex
tinctions?-✔✔Pleistocene:WoolyMammoth,GiantShort-
FacedBear,DireWolf,GiantBeaver,ShastaGroundSloth,AmericanLion

-Couldbeextinctbecauseofclimatechange(warmertemps),humanoverkill(predation),pathogens

Cretaceous:Dinosaurs

-Couldbeextinctbecauseofasteroid(impacthypothesis)

Whatistheevidencetosupportthattherewillbea6thmassextinction?-
✔✔Modernratesofextinctionare100to1000timegreaterthanthebackgroundrate

Whatisoverexploitation?-✔✔-
Anyunsustainableremovalofwildlifefromthenaturalenvironmentbyuseofhumans

-Harvestingoforganismsatratesexceedingthespeciesabilitytoreplaceitself

-Thedominantthreattomarinespecies

-Overhunting

Whatishabitatdestruction?-
✔✔TerrestrialEcosystems:Conversionagriculture,logging,developmentandurbanization

AquaticEcosystems:Draininganddevelopingwetlands,dammingrivers

Speciesareacurve-Asthelandareadecreases,thenumberofspeciesdecreases

Whatishabitatfragmentation?-✔✔-Thebreakupoflargepiecesofnaturalhabitatintosmall,isolatedpieces

-Canreduceahabitattowhereit'stoosmalltosupportaspecies

, -
Reducestheabilityofindividualstodispersefromonehabitattoanother(couldbemorevulnerabletocatastroph
es)

-Createsalargeamountof"edge"habitat(Edgeeffectslightlevels,pollution,poachers,andcompetition)

-Thespeciesmostimpactedbythisarethosethatrequirelargeterritoriestofindfood

Howcananexoticspeciescontributetoextinction?-✔✔-
Anintroductionofanewspecies,thatcouldpossiblybecomeaninvasivespecies

-Anexoticspeciescouldcarrypathogens

Whatarephenologyshifts?-✔✔*Relatedtoglobalclimatechange*

-Timingofseasonalevents

-Concernmismatchbetweenorganisms

Whataregeographicrangeshifts?-✔✔*Relatedtoglobalclimatechange*

-Organismsmoveintoclimatestowhichthey'readapted

-Concernfororganismsinarcticandalpineregions(runningoutofhabitat)

Whatareconsequencesofextinction?-✔✔-Impactsproductivityandstability,andbiologicalcommunities

-Ecosystemservices

-Coulddisruptmutualisms

Whatisresourceuseefficiency?-✔✔-
Whenspeciesdiversityishigh,moreoverallwaterisusedandmorephotosynthesiscanoccur

Whatisfacilitation?-✔✔-
Certainspeciesfacilitatethegrowthofanotherspeciesbyprovidingthemwithnutrients,partialshade,etc.

Whatisafoodchain?-✔✔-Connectsthetrophiclevelsinaparticularecosystem

-Describeshowenergymovesfromonetrophicleveltoanother

Whatisthedecomposerfoodchain?-✔✔-Madeupofspeciesthateatthedeadremainsoforganisms

Whatisthegrazingfoodchain?-✔✔-
Composedofherbivores(primaryconsumers)andtheorganismsthateattheherbivores(secondaryconsumers
)

Whatisafoodweb?-✔✔-Showthecomplexinteractionsoforganismsinacommunity

-Foodchainsareusuallyembeddedintomorecomplexfoodwebs

Whatisakeystonespecies?-✔✔-
Thestructureofacommunitycanchangedramaticallyifasinglespeciesisremovedfromoraddedtothecommun
ity