2A3 -POWER ENGINEERING QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Potable water treatment
Preparation of water to drinking water standards for human consumption
Impurities
Substances present in groundwater and surface water sources that determine the type of
treatment needed
Softening
Process to reduce dissolved minerals such as iron, calcium, and magnesium in well waters
Chlorination
Disinfection process using chlorine, common for both well and surface waters
Filtration
Process to remove suspended solids from waters of lakes and rivers
Aeration
Process used when source water is high in dissolved gases causing unwanted tastes and odors
Coagulation chemicals
Chemicals used in a fast mixing section to aid in the removal of solids upstream of filters
Sedimentation
Process adding steps for slow mixing to aid in the removal of solids upstream of filters
Zeolite softener
Used to reduce hardness before chlorination, allowing a portion of water to bypass for clarity
Total coliform bacteria
, Group commonly found in raw water supplies, with Canadian regulatory standards for their
presence
E-coli
A form of fecal coliform, direct testing required if coliform bacteria are found
Sterilization
Complete removal or destruction of all life forms from water, with potential side effects
Disinfection
Removal or destruction of all pathogenic organisms in water, with a focus on fecal coliform
bacteria
Chlorine gas
Used for chlorination, but is a respiratory irritant and toxic
Sodium hypochlorite
Aqueous or liquid form of chlorination, more stable and less hazardous than chlorine gas
Chlorine demand
Varies over the year due to water conditions, affected by substances in water reacting with
chlorine
Chloramines
Formed by the reaction of chlorine with ammonia or amines, useful disinfectants with an
unpleasant odor
Disinfection by products
Chemicals formed by the reaction of chlorine with organic matter naturally present in water
Trihalomethanes (THM)
Common disinfection by products, including chloroform, influenced by season and source of
water
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Potable water treatment
Preparation of water to drinking water standards for human consumption
Impurities
Substances present in groundwater and surface water sources that determine the type of
treatment needed
Softening
Process to reduce dissolved minerals such as iron, calcium, and magnesium in well waters
Chlorination
Disinfection process using chlorine, common for both well and surface waters
Filtration
Process to remove suspended solids from waters of lakes and rivers
Aeration
Process used when source water is high in dissolved gases causing unwanted tastes and odors
Coagulation chemicals
Chemicals used in a fast mixing section to aid in the removal of solids upstream of filters
Sedimentation
Process adding steps for slow mixing to aid in the removal of solids upstream of filters
Zeolite softener
Used to reduce hardness before chlorination, allowing a portion of water to bypass for clarity
Total coliform bacteria
, Group commonly found in raw water supplies, with Canadian regulatory standards for their
presence
E-coli
A form of fecal coliform, direct testing required if coliform bacteria are found
Sterilization
Complete removal or destruction of all life forms from water, with potential side effects
Disinfection
Removal or destruction of all pathogenic organisms in water, with a focus on fecal coliform
bacteria
Chlorine gas
Used for chlorination, but is a respiratory irritant and toxic
Sodium hypochlorite
Aqueous or liquid form of chlorination, more stable and less hazardous than chlorine gas
Chlorine demand
Varies over the year due to water conditions, affected by substances in water reacting with
chlorine
Chloramines
Formed by the reaction of chlorine with ammonia or amines, useful disinfectants with an
unpleasant odor
Disinfection by products
Chemicals formed by the reaction of chlorine with organic matter naturally present in water
Trihalomethanes (THM)
Common disinfection by products, including chloroform, influenced by season and source of
water
