Concepts in Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
Exam\UPDATED VERSION WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS \VERIFIED ANSWERS
is most important preconception and during the first
trimester.
Is needed to achieve the red blood cell folate levels
associated with maximal protection against Neural
Folic Acid Use Tube Defect (NTD).
decreases the risk of other congenital
anomalies, including congenital heart defects, urinary
tract anomalies, oral facial clefts, and
limb defects.
A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic
fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted
Amniocentesis
into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic
and congenital defects in the fetus.
Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Seven Cardinal Signs of
Internal Rotation
Labour
Extension
Restitution and external rotation
Expulsion
When the biparietal diameter of the head passes the
Engagement pelvic inlet, the head is said to be
engaged in the pelvic inlet
, refers to the progress of the presenting part through
the pelvis ____ depends on
at least four forces:
(1) pressure exerted by the amniotic fluid,
(2) direct pressure exerted by the contracting fundus
Descent on the fetus,
(3) force of the contraction of the maternal diaphragm
and abdominal muscles in the second stage of labour
(4) extension and straightening
of the fetal body
As soon as the descending newborn head meets
resistance from the cervix, pelvic wall, or pelvic
Flexion
floor, it normally flexes so that the chin is brought into
closer contact with the fetal chest
begins at the level of the ischial spines but is not
Internal Rotation completed until the presenting
part of the newborn reaches the lower pelvis.
When the fetal head reaches the perineum for birth, it
is deflected anteriorly by the
perineum. The occiput passes under the lower border
Extension
of the symphysis pubis first, and then
the head emerges by extension: first the occiput, then
the face, and finally the chin
After the head is born, it rotates briefly to the position
Restitution it occupied when it was engaged in
the inlet.
occurs as the shoulders engage and descend in
External Rotation
manoeuvres similar to those of the head
, After birth of the shoulders, the head and shoulders
are lifted up toward the mother's pubic
bone, and the trunk of the baby is born by flexing it
Expulsion
laterally in the direction of the symphysis pubis. When
the baby has completely emerged, birth is complete,
and the second stage of labour ends
Blood loss during delivery 300-500 mL
Occur regularly, becoming stronger, lasting longer,
and occurring closer together
• Become more intense with walking
True Labour Contractions
• Usually felt in lower back, radiating to lower portion
of abdomen
• Continue despite use of comfort measures
irregular and painless contractions that occur
intermittently throughout
pregnancy.
Can be felt in the back or abdomen above the navel.
Often stop with walking or position change.
Braxton Hicks contractions
Often can be stopped with comfort measures.
These contractions facilitate uterine blood flow
through the intervillous spaces
of the placenta and promote oxygen delivery to the
fetus.
Exam\UPDATED VERSION WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS \VERIFIED ANSWERS
is most important preconception and during the first
trimester.
Is needed to achieve the red blood cell folate levels
associated with maximal protection against Neural
Folic Acid Use Tube Defect (NTD).
decreases the risk of other congenital
anomalies, including congenital heart defects, urinary
tract anomalies, oral facial clefts, and
limb defects.
A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic
fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted
Amniocentesis
into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic
and congenital defects in the fetus.
Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Seven Cardinal Signs of
Internal Rotation
Labour
Extension
Restitution and external rotation
Expulsion
When the biparietal diameter of the head passes the
Engagement pelvic inlet, the head is said to be
engaged in the pelvic inlet
, refers to the progress of the presenting part through
the pelvis ____ depends on
at least four forces:
(1) pressure exerted by the amniotic fluid,
(2) direct pressure exerted by the contracting fundus
Descent on the fetus,
(3) force of the contraction of the maternal diaphragm
and abdominal muscles in the second stage of labour
(4) extension and straightening
of the fetal body
As soon as the descending newborn head meets
resistance from the cervix, pelvic wall, or pelvic
Flexion
floor, it normally flexes so that the chin is brought into
closer contact with the fetal chest
begins at the level of the ischial spines but is not
Internal Rotation completed until the presenting
part of the newborn reaches the lower pelvis.
When the fetal head reaches the perineum for birth, it
is deflected anteriorly by the
perineum. The occiput passes under the lower border
Extension
of the symphysis pubis first, and then
the head emerges by extension: first the occiput, then
the face, and finally the chin
After the head is born, it rotates briefly to the position
Restitution it occupied when it was engaged in
the inlet.
occurs as the shoulders engage and descend in
External Rotation
manoeuvres similar to those of the head
, After birth of the shoulders, the head and shoulders
are lifted up toward the mother's pubic
bone, and the trunk of the baby is born by flexing it
Expulsion
laterally in the direction of the symphysis pubis. When
the baby has completely emerged, birth is complete,
and the second stage of labour ends
Blood loss during delivery 300-500 mL
Occur regularly, becoming stronger, lasting longer,
and occurring closer together
• Become more intense with walking
True Labour Contractions
• Usually felt in lower back, radiating to lower portion
of abdomen
• Continue despite use of comfort measures
irregular and painless contractions that occur
intermittently throughout
pregnancy.
Can be felt in the back or abdomen above the navel.
Often stop with walking or position change.
Braxton Hicks contractions
Often can be stopped with comfort measures.
These contractions facilitate uterine blood flow
through the intervillous spaces
of the placenta and promote oxygen delivery to the
fetus.
