BIO 201 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE| WITH ALL 150+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
1. Describe the 3 kinds of muscle tissue ANS >>> skeletal, cardiac, smooth
2. Explain the major purpose of muscle ANS >>> converting the chemical energy
in ATP into the mechanical energy of motion
3. List the functions of muscles ANS >>> movement of whole body, body
parts, organ contents
stability ANS >>> maintain posture and prevent
movement communication ANS >>> speech, facial
expression and writing
control of opening and passageways ANS >>> sphincters (internal muscular rings)
body heat production
4. Characterize the connective tissues of a muscle ANS >>> fascia ANS >>>
separates neighbor- ing muscles or muscle groups from each other and the
subcutaneous tissue; deep (found between adjacent muscles) and
superficial/hypodermis (found between skin and muscles, contains adipose tissue)
epimysium ANS >>> fibrous sheath surrounding the entire muscle, outer surface
grades into the fascia
perimysium ANS >>> surround fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers), carry larger nerve
and blood vessels, and stretch receptors
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Mboffin
, endomysium ANS >>> thin sleeve of loose connective tissue surrounding each
muscle fiber/cell, allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach each
muscle fibers
5. Describe the connective tissue elements and how they merge with other tis-
sues ANS >>> tendons (attachments between muscle and bone) ANS >>> dense-
regular connective tissue composed of collagen fibers; the epimysium surrounding
the entire muscle is continuous with collagen fibers of tendons which, in turn, are
continuous with connective tissue (periosteum) of bone
collagen is somewhat extensible and elastic; stretches slightly under tension, recoils
when released; resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury, returns
muscle to its resting length, contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
6. Explain the role of collagen in connective tissues ANS >>> collagen is
somewhat ex- tensible and elastic; stretches slightly under tension, recoils when
released; resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury, returns
muscle to its resting length, contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Mboffin
, 7. List the skeletal muscle shapes and examples ANS >>> fusiform muscles
ANS >>> thick in middle and tapered at end (biceps brachii, gastrocnemius)
triangular/convergent muscles ANS >>> broad at origin and tapering to a narrower
insertion (pectoralis major, temporalis)
parallel muscles ANS >>> parallel fascicles, can span longer distances than other
shapes (rectus abdominis, zygomaticus major)
circular muscles ANS >>> act as sphincters, ring around body opening (orbicularis
oculi, urethral and anal sphincters)
pennate muscles ANS >>> fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon (feather shaped);
unipen- nate, bipennate, or multipennate (palmar interosseus, rectus femoris and
deltoid)
8. Describe the ways in which muscles attach to bone ANS >>> indirect ANS >>>
tendons attach muscle to bone; collagen fibers of endo-, peri-, and epimysium
continue into the tendon, from there the tendon merges into the periosteum of
bone, very strong structural continuity from muscle to bone (stress will tear the
tendon before pulling it loose from either muscle or bone) (i.e. biceps brachii,
calcaneal/Achilles tendon), aponeurosis ANS >>> tendon is a broad, flat sheet (like
palmar aponeurosis)
direct/fleshy ANS >>> little spearation b/n muscle and bone, muscle seems to
immerge directly from bone, margins of brachialis, lateral head of triceps brachii
some skeletal muscles insert in dermis of skin (muscles of facial expression)
9. tendons attach muscle to bone ANS >>>
10. Define origin and insertion ANS >>> origin ANS >>> bony attachment at the
stationary end of muscle
insertion ANS >>> bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
11. Describe the functional groups of muscles and give an example ANS >>>
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Mboffin
, action ANS >>> the effects produced by a muscle (to produce or prevent movement)
prime mover (agonist) ANS >>> muscle that produces most of force during a joint
action (brachialis)
synergist ANS >>> muscle that aids the prime mover; stabilizes the nearby joint,
modifies the direction of movement (biceps brachii)
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Mboffin
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
1. Describe the 3 kinds of muscle tissue ANS >>> skeletal, cardiac, smooth
2. Explain the major purpose of muscle ANS >>> converting the chemical energy
in ATP into the mechanical energy of motion
3. List the functions of muscles ANS >>> movement of whole body, body
parts, organ contents
stability ANS >>> maintain posture and prevent
movement communication ANS >>> speech, facial
expression and writing
control of opening and passageways ANS >>> sphincters (internal muscular rings)
body heat production
4. Characterize the connective tissues of a muscle ANS >>> fascia ANS >>>
separates neighbor- ing muscles or muscle groups from each other and the
subcutaneous tissue; deep (found between adjacent muscles) and
superficial/hypodermis (found between skin and muscles, contains adipose tissue)
epimysium ANS >>> fibrous sheath surrounding the entire muscle, outer surface
grades into the fascia
perimysium ANS >>> surround fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers), carry larger nerve
and blood vessels, and stretch receptors
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Mboffin
, endomysium ANS >>> thin sleeve of loose connective tissue surrounding each
muscle fiber/cell, allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach each
muscle fibers
5. Describe the connective tissue elements and how they merge with other tis-
sues ANS >>> tendons (attachments between muscle and bone) ANS >>> dense-
regular connective tissue composed of collagen fibers; the epimysium surrounding
the entire muscle is continuous with collagen fibers of tendons which, in turn, are
continuous with connective tissue (periosteum) of bone
collagen is somewhat extensible and elastic; stretches slightly under tension, recoils
when released; resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury, returns
muscle to its resting length, contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
6. Explain the role of collagen in connective tissues ANS >>> collagen is
somewhat ex- tensible and elastic; stretches slightly under tension, recoils when
released; resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury, returns
muscle to its resting length, contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Mboffin
, 7. List the skeletal muscle shapes and examples ANS >>> fusiform muscles
ANS >>> thick in middle and tapered at end (biceps brachii, gastrocnemius)
triangular/convergent muscles ANS >>> broad at origin and tapering to a narrower
insertion (pectoralis major, temporalis)
parallel muscles ANS >>> parallel fascicles, can span longer distances than other
shapes (rectus abdominis, zygomaticus major)
circular muscles ANS >>> act as sphincters, ring around body opening (orbicularis
oculi, urethral and anal sphincters)
pennate muscles ANS >>> fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon (feather shaped);
unipen- nate, bipennate, or multipennate (palmar interosseus, rectus femoris and
deltoid)
8. Describe the ways in which muscles attach to bone ANS >>> indirect ANS >>>
tendons attach muscle to bone; collagen fibers of endo-, peri-, and epimysium
continue into the tendon, from there the tendon merges into the periosteum of
bone, very strong structural continuity from muscle to bone (stress will tear the
tendon before pulling it loose from either muscle or bone) (i.e. biceps brachii,
calcaneal/Achilles tendon), aponeurosis ANS >>> tendon is a broad, flat sheet (like
palmar aponeurosis)
direct/fleshy ANS >>> little spearation b/n muscle and bone, muscle seems to
immerge directly from bone, margins of brachialis, lateral head of triceps brachii
some skeletal muscles insert in dermis of skin (muscles of facial expression)
9. tendons attach muscle to bone ANS >>>
10. Define origin and insertion ANS >>> origin ANS >>> bony attachment at the
stationary end of muscle
insertion ANS >>> bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
11. Describe the functional groups of muscles and give an example ANS >>>
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Mboffin
, action ANS >>> the effects produced by a muscle (to produce or prevent movement)
prime mover (agonist) ANS >>> muscle that produces most of force during a joint
action (brachialis)
synergist ANS >>> muscle that aids the prime mover; stabilizes the nearby joint,
modifies the direction of movement (biceps brachii)
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Mboffin
