WGU Research Foundations (C224)
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Five types of Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ 1.Basic
2.Evaluation
3. Action
4. Orientational
5. Applied
Basic Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ *focuses on generating fundamental
knowledge
*aimed at generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding
about primary human functions and other natural processes
Evaluation Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ focuses on deciding the
worth/quality of intervention programs
*determine how well social or educational programs work in real-world settings,
as well as any improvement possibilities.
*worth, merit, or quality of specific program
*Two types: formative and summative
Action Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ *focuses on solving local problems that
practitioners face
*addressing and solving specific problems which local practitioners confront in
their schools and communities, conducting research directly within the classroom
or work environment
Orientational Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ focuses on reducing inequality
and giving voice to disadvantaged
,* focuses on collecting information to aid in advancing a specific ideological,
political position or orientation which a researcher believes will improve society.
*another focus is "giving voice" to disadvantaged
Applied Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ *focuses on real-world questions and
applications
*focuses on answering real-world, practical questions in order to provide
relatively immediate solutions.
Formative Evaluation - ANSWER ✓ concerned with developing judgments of how
a program can be improved and aids developers and staff design and implement
programs.
Summative Evaluation - ANSWER ✓ focuses on cultivating judgements of a
program's effectiveness and any decisions regarding continuation
especially helpful for policymakers to appraise previous future-funding decisions
and make future ones.
Evaluation Varieties - ANSWER ✓ 1. Needs Assessment
2. Theory Assessment
3. Implementation Assessment
4. Impact Assessment
5. Efficiency Assessment
Needs Assessment - ANSWER ✓ is there a need for this type of program?
Theory Assessment - ANSWER ✓ is this program conceptualized in a way that it
should work?
Impact Assessment - ANSWER ✓ did this program have an impact on its intended
targets?
Efficiency Assessment - ANSWER ✓ Is this program cost-effective?
Implementation Assessment - ANSWER ✓ Was this program implemented
properly and according to the program plan?
, Common areas of orientational research - ANSWER ✓ class stratification
gender inequality
racial and ethnic inequality
sexual orientation inequality
international inequality
disability rights and inequality
epistemology - ANSWER ✓ "theory of knowledge and its justification"
*the overall understanding of how knowledge is created or shared*
involves studying knowledge itself - including its nature, process of generation,
how it is necessary, and the standards that are used to judge its adequacy
Sources of Knowledge - ANSWER ✓ Experience leads to Empiricism.
Reasoning leads to Rationalism, Deductive Reasoning, and Inductive Reasoning
Empiricism - ANSWER ✓ idea that all knowledge comes from experience
Empirical Statement - ANSWER ✓ a statement based on an observation,
experiment, or experience
are capable of being verified or disproved by the same methods of creation
Rationalism - ANSWER ✓ philosophical idea that reason is the primary source of
knowledge.
deductive reasoning - ANSWER ✓ process of drawing a conclusion that is
essentially true if the underlying premises are true
probabilistic form of reasoning - ANSWER ✓ stating what is likely to occur, not
what will necessarily occur, thereby opening himself or herself up to a risk of
being wrong
Exploratory Method - ANSWER ✓ Also called inductive method
Three steps:
1.observations, data
2.patterns, descriptions
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Five types of Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ 1.Basic
2.Evaluation
3. Action
4. Orientational
5. Applied
Basic Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ *focuses on generating fundamental
knowledge
*aimed at generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding
about primary human functions and other natural processes
Evaluation Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ focuses on deciding the
worth/quality of intervention programs
*determine how well social or educational programs work in real-world settings,
as well as any improvement possibilities.
*worth, merit, or quality of specific program
*Two types: formative and summative
Action Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ *focuses on solving local problems that
practitioners face
*addressing and solving specific problems which local practitioners confront in
their schools and communities, conducting research directly within the classroom
or work environment
Orientational Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ focuses on reducing inequality
and giving voice to disadvantaged
,* focuses on collecting information to aid in advancing a specific ideological,
political position or orientation which a researcher believes will improve society.
*another focus is "giving voice" to disadvantaged
Applied Educational Research - ANSWER ✓ *focuses on real-world questions and
applications
*focuses on answering real-world, practical questions in order to provide
relatively immediate solutions.
Formative Evaluation - ANSWER ✓ concerned with developing judgments of how
a program can be improved and aids developers and staff design and implement
programs.
Summative Evaluation - ANSWER ✓ focuses on cultivating judgements of a
program's effectiveness and any decisions regarding continuation
especially helpful for policymakers to appraise previous future-funding decisions
and make future ones.
Evaluation Varieties - ANSWER ✓ 1. Needs Assessment
2. Theory Assessment
3. Implementation Assessment
4. Impact Assessment
5. Efficiency Assessment
Needs Assessment - ANSWER ✓ is there a need for this type of program?
Theory Assessment - ANSWER ✓ is this program conceptualized in a way that it
should work?
Impact Assessment - ANSWER ✓ did this program have an impact on its intended
targets?
Efficiency Assessment - ANSWER ✓ Is this program cost-effective?
Implementation Assessment - ANSWER ✓ Was this program implemented
properly and according to the program plan?
, Common areas of orientational research - ANSWER ✓ class stratification
gender inequality
racial and ethnic inequality
sexual orientation inequality
international inequality
disability rights and inequality
epistemology - ANSWER ✓ "theory of knowledge and its justification"
*the overall understanding of how knowledge is created or shared*
involves studying knowledge itself - including its nature, process of generation,
how it is necessary, and the standards that are used to judge its adequacy
Sources of Knowledge - ANSWER ✓ Experience leads to Empiricism.
Reasoning leads to Rationalism, Deductive Reasoning, and Inductive Reasoning
Empiricism - ANSWER ✓ idea that all knowledge comes from experience
Empirical Statement - ANSWER ✓ a statement based on an observation,
experiment, or experience
are capable of being verified or disproved by the same methods of creation
Rationalism - ANSWER ✓ philosophical idea that reason is the primary source of
knowledge.
deductive reasoning - ANSWER ✓ process of drawing a conclusion that is
essentially true if the underlying premises are true
probabilistic form of reasoning - ANSWER ✓ stating what is likely to occur, not
what will necessarily occur, thereby opening himself or herself up to a risk of
being wrong
Exploratory Method - ANSWER ✓ Also called inductive method
Three steps:
1.observations, data
2.patterns, descriptions
