ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Graded A 2025

1. Foods high in potassium: - apricots bananas potatoes tomatoes avocado fish spinach beans 2. A nurse is reinforcing diet teaching to a client who has type 2 DM. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. A. Carbs should comprise 55% of daily caloric intake B. Use hydrogenated oils for cooking C. Table sugar may be added to cereals D. Drink an alcoholic beverage w/meals E. Protein foods can be substituted for carb foods - A, C, D Not B-hydrogenated oils contain trans fatty acids & cause hyperlipidemia Not E-carbs can be exchanged but not w/proteins ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Graded A 2025 3. A nurse is reviewing dietary guidelines to include in the plan of care for a client who has type 2 DM. Which of the following guidelines should the nurse include? Select all that apply. A. Weight management B. Lipid profile C. Cultural needs D. Sleep patterns E. Personal preferences - A, B, C, E 4. To avoid hypoglycemia, the client should consume alcohol... - with a meal or immediately after a meal 5. 6. The nurse should instruct the diabetic client that their intake of carbohydrates should be to % of total daily caloric intake. - 45-60% 7. The lacto-ovo vegetarian diet includes: - dairy products and eggs 8. A nurse is teaching a client measures for healthy bones. Which of the following statements by the client requires additional teaching? A. "I will eat foods high in calcium." B. "I will increase my fluid intake." C. "I should participate in weight bearing exercises." D. "I should get my vitamin D from the sunlight." - B. increasing fluid does not promote healthy bones 9. A nurse is conducting a nutritional class to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following should be included in the teaching? A. Limit saturated fat to 10% of total caloric intake. B. Good bowel function requires 35 g/day of fiber for women. C. Limit cholesterol consumption to 400 mg/day D. Normal functioning cardiac systems depends on B-complex vitamins - A 10. A nurse is discussing essential nutrients for normal functioning of the nervous system. Which of the following should be included in the teaching? Select all that apply. can be included in a diabetic diet as long as adequate insulin or other agents are provided to cover the sugar intake. - Sucrose (table sugar) A. Calcium B. Thiamin C. Vitamin B6 D. Sodium E. Phosphorus - A, B, C, D 11. A school nurse is teaching a group of students how to read food labels. Which of the following should be included in the teaching? Select all that apply. A. Total carbohydrates B. Total fat C. Calories D. Magnesium E. Dietary fiber - A, B, C, E 12. Normal functioning of the nervous system depends on adequate levels of the B- complex vitamins, especially: and also adequate levels of and for regulators of nerve responses. - thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6 and B12 calcium and sodium 13. normal BMI: - 18.5-24.9 14. obesity BMI is classified as: - BMI greater than or equal to 30 15. Basic food choices for kosher, orthodox Judaism diets: - -meat -no mixing meat and diary (cheeseburger) -no pork or shellfish -fish must have scales & fins to be kosher 16. A client who follows seventh-day Adventist dietary laws will eat a strict: They also avoid: - vegetarian diet, some are lacto-ovo, some are vegan. they avoid alcohol, coffee, tea and caffeinated beverages. 17. A nurse is teaching a client who has cancer about appropriate food choices. The nurse determines that the client understands the information when she chooses which of the following snacks? Select all that apply. A. Peanut butter sandwich on whole wheat bread w/2% milk B. Popcorn w/soda C. Yogurt topped w/granola & a banana D. Meat lasagna w/buttered garlic bread E. Plain baked potato - A, C, D 18. Three complications of TPN: - Diarrhea -Polyuria -Hypocalciumia 19. What has more calcium yogurt or cheese? - yogurt 20. Niacin is found in sources such as: - Beef liver -nuts -legumes -whole-grain enriched breads and cereals 21. Two medications may be added to PN solutions however administering any IV medication through a PN IV line or port is contraindicated. What are the two medications? - Heparin and insulin 22. Expected reference range for pre-albumin: - 23-43 23. Which of the following food choices is appropriate for a pt. with GERD? Select all that apply. A. Baked salmon B. Skim milk C. Orange juice D. Decaffeinated tea E. Eggs and salsa - A, B, D 24. For which disease/condition would the nurse teach the client about a gluten-free diet? A. A 54 year old man with pancreatitis. B. A 32 year old woman with celiac disease. C. A 22 year old man with diverticulitis. D. A 76 year old woman with breast cancer. - B. Celiac disease is also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), celiac sprue, and gluten intolerance. It is chronic & hereditary and the client should be instructed to avoid gluten. 25. Foods/beverages that are gluten-free include: (select all that apply) A. Milk, cheese, dairy products B. Beer C. Fried Eggs D. Baked potatoes E. Fruits and vegetables F. Whole wheat bread - A, C, D, E 26. A patient who has celiac disease should increase intake of what? - simple carbohydrates (fruits, veggies, milk, etc.) 27. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates a need for further teaching? A. Potatoes B. Graham crackers C. Wild rice D. Canned pears - B. Graham crackers are made from wheat flour All others are gluten-free 28. A client with what disease will be instructed to avoid foods with seeds or husks (corn, popcorn, berries, tomatoes)? - diverticular 29. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who reports constipation & has a prescription for a high-fiber, low-fat diet. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? A. Peanut butter B. Peeled apples C. Hardboiled egg D. Brown rice - D 30. A nurse is caring for a client post appy. The nurse verifies the postop prescription, which reads "discontinue NPO status; advance diet as tolerated." Which of the following are appropriate for the nurse to offer the client? Select all that apply. A. Applesauce B. Chicken broth C. Sherbet D. Wheat toast E. Cranberry juice - B, E A client postop will be on a clear liquid diet following surgery to transition as tolerated back to normal diet. Cranberry juice and chicken broth are clear liquid selections. 31. A nurse is caring for a client who is on a full liquid diet due to dysphagia. Which of the following nursing actions is the highest priority? A. Add thickener to liquids. B. Educate the client about acceptable liquids. C. Perform a calorie count of consumed liquids. D. Offer high-protein liquid supplements. - A this is highest priority to reduce the risk of aspiration 32. A nurse is performing dietary needs assessments for a group of clients. A blenderized liquid diet is appropriate for which of the following clients? Select all that apply. A. A client who has a wired jaw due to an MVA B. A client who is 24 hr postop following temporomandibular joint repair C. A client who has difficulty chewing due to a traumatic brain injury D. A client who has hypercholesterolemia due to CAD E. A client who is scheduled for a colonoscopy the next morning - A, B, C 33. A nurse is assessing a client who is postop following a colon resection. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is ready to transition from NPO to oral intake? A. Client report of hunger B. Urinary output exceeding 30 mL/hr C. Decrease in incisional pain D. Passage of flatus - D 34. A nurse is assisting a client who has a prescription for a mechanical soft diet w/food selections. Which of the following are appropriate selections by the client? Select all that apply. A. Dried prunes B. Ground turkey C. Mashed carrots D. Fresh strawberries E. Cottage cheese - B, C, E 35. A nurse is teaching a client who is undergoing cancer treatment about interventions to manage stomatitis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will try chewing larger pieces of food." B. "I will avoid toasting my bread." C. "I will consume more food in the morning." D. "I will add more citrus foods to my diet." - B. Dry, coarse foods can increase the incidence/risk of stomatitis 36. Which of the following food choices by a client undergoing chemotherapy with presence of stomatitis indicates a need for further teaching? A. Small pieces of bananas B. Cut up fresh orange & pineapple slices C. Yogurt with granola D. Meat lasagna - B 37. A nurse is caring for a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse? A. Offer crackers & cheese B. Encourage sucking on 8 hard candies C. Provide 8 oz of regular soda D. Give juice w/table sugar - B 38. Which of the following are appropriate dietary choices for a client with cholecystitis? Select all that apply. A. Baked lightly-seasoned tilapia B. Buttered steamed broccoli C. Skim or 1% low fat milk D. Whole wheat toast E. Pasta with cream sauce and onions - A, C 39. Patients with gallstones, also known as cholecystitis, should avoid what in their diet? - FAT 40. A nurse is planning for an older adult client who is receiving treatment for malnutrition. The client is scheduled for discharge to his home where he lives alone. Which of the following actions are appropriate to include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Consult social services to arrange home meal delivery B. Encourage the client to purchase nonperishable boxed meals C. Advise the client to purchase frozen fruits/veggies D. Recommend drinking a supplement between meals E. Educate the client on how to read nutrition labels - A, C, D, E 41. Older adult clients will need more and vitamin to help maintain bone health. The may also be instructed to increase in their diet. - calcium and vitamin D - increase fiber 42. Older adults have decreased absorption of what three nutrients? 1. Vitamin B12 2. Folic acid 3. Calcium 43. The soft diet is also known as the bland, low fiber diet and contains foods such as: - Whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned and easily digested. 44. Is it safe to take antibiotics while breastfeeding? - Yes, PO antibiotics are safe. Notify provider and finish entire course to reduce risk of reoccurrence. There is a slight transfer between breast milk though. 45. Food interactions with MAOIs include: - tyramine-rich foods caffeine foods/beverages 46. A nurse is providing follow-up dietary teaching for a client who recently was prescribed phenelzine (Nardil). When reviewing the client's dietary log, which of the following foods requires a need for further teaching? A. Cottage cheese B. Banana bread C. Apple pie D. Grilled steak - B 47. Intermittent tube feeding formula set rate: - administered every 4-6 hr in equal portions of 200-300 mL over a 30-60 min time frame, usually by gravity drip 48. Which type of tube feeding is often used in noncritical clients, home tube feedings, and clients in rehabilitation? - intermittent tube feeding 49. What should the head of the bed be elevated at for tube feedings and for how long? - HOB at least 30 degrees and for during and after for 30-60 min to prevent aspiration risk 50. How often should you obtain gastric residuals for a client receiving tube feedings? - every 4-6 hrs 51. When beginning a new prescription for enteral nutrition by intermittent tube feeding how should you first initiate this feeding? - Increase the formula over the first 4 to 6 feedings until the prescribed volume is achieved 52. A nurse is preparing to administer intermittent enteral feeding to a client who has neuromuscular disorder. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions? Select all that apply. A. Fill the feeding bag w/24 hr worth of formula B. Discard irrigation equipment after 24 hr C. Leave unused portions of formula at the bedside D. Label the unused portion of the formula E. Replace administration tubing & feeding bag every 48 hr - B, D, E 53. Teach parents that they may switch their child to skim or 1% low fat milk after... - 2 years of age 54. A nurse is teaching a client who has pre-stage chronic kidney disease about dietary management. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the instructions? A. Restrict protein intake B. Maintain a high-phosphorus diet C. Increase intake of foods high in potassium D. Limit dairy products to 1 cup per day - A 55. Major sources of dietary potassium (K): - oranges dried fruits tomatoes avocados dried peas meats broccoli bananas 56. Major sources of dietary chloride (Cl): - table salt 57. Major sources of dietary calcium (Ca): - dairy broccoli kale grains egg yolks 58. Major sources of dietary magnesium (Mg): - green leafy vegetables nuts grains meat milk 59. Major sources of dietary phosphorus (P): - dairy peas soft drinks meat eggs some grains 60. Major sources of dietary sulfur (S): - dried fruits meats red and white wines 61. Major diet sources of vitamin A: - orange/yellow-colored foods liver dairy 62. Major diet sources of vitamin D – fish fortified dairy products sunlight 63. Major diet sources of vitamin E – vegetable oils grains nuts dark green vegetables 64. Major diet sources of vitamin K – green leafy vegetables eggs liver 65. Major sources of vitamin C – citrus fruits and juices vegetables 66. Major sources of Thiamin (B1) – meats grains legumes 67. Major sources of riboflavin (B2) – milk meats green leafy vegetables 68. Major sources of niacin (B3) – liver nuts legumes 69. Major sources of pantothenic acid (B5) – organ meats egg yolk avocados broccoli 70. Major sources of pyridoxine (B6) – organ meats grains 71. Major sources of folate – liver green leafy vegetables grains legumes 72. Major sources of cobalamin (B12) – organ meats clams oysters grains 73. Examples of high fiber foods: - lentils lima beans black beans artichokes brussel sprouts broccoli raspberries & blackberries avocados pears bran whole wheat pasta oatmeal split peas 74. LDL expected range: - less than 130 75. HDL expected range – 35-80 females 35-65 males 76. A client with fluid volume excess will have what expected lab values? - increased Hct increased or decreased serum electrolytes increased protein decreased aldosterone increased excretion of sodium increased natriuretic peptides decreased BUN & creatinine decreased PaCO2 increased pH 77. Manifestations of hypoglycemia: - mild shakiness mental confusion sweating palpitations headache lack of coordination blurred vision seizures coma 78. A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Fruity breath odor B. Diaphoresis C. Vomiting D. Polyuria - B 79. Decreased sodium s/s: - confusion headache nausea dizzy abdominal cramping 80. Increased sodium s/s: - confusion thirst weakness 81. Increased phosphorus s/s: - numbness/tingling tetany decreased calcium 82. Decreased potassium s/s: - irregular HR muscle weakness leg cramping anorexia 83. Increased potassium s/s: - dysryhthmias muscle weakness 84. Decreased chloride s/s: - lack of emotion anorexia muscle cramping 85. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving TPN. The current bag of TPN is empty & a new bag is not available on the unit. Which of the following solutions should the nurse infuse until a new bag of TPN is available? A. Dextrose in 10% water B. 0.45% sodium chloride C. Dextrose 5% in LR D. 0.9% sodium chloride - A To prevent hypoglycemia 86. A nurse is teaching about nutritional requirements for a client who is starting a vegetarian diet. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Consume high-fat cheese to replace meats when on a vegetarian diet B. A vegetarian diet is high in vitamin B12 C. Fewer calories are required when on a vegetarian diet D. Include 2 servings per day of nuts when on a vegetarian diet - D. to receive daily recommended intake of omega 3 fatty acids 87. A nurse is providing teaching about lowering solid fat intake to an adolescent who is overweight. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Limit egg yolks to a total of 5 per week." B. "Restrict your daily meat intake to 5 oz." C. "Select cheeses that contain no more than 6 g of fat per serving." D. "Choose margarine that contains no more than 4 g of saturated fat per tablespoon." - B. A meat portion should be restricted to no more than the size of a deck of cards. 88. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has celiac disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can return to my normal diet after I follow this diet for 1 month." B. "I can have tapioca pudding for dessert." C. "I will choose canned soups that don't contain meat products." D. "I will eat my sandwiches on whole wheat bread." - B tapioca doesn't contain gluten, all other choices do, diet is lifelong 89. A nurse is performing a comprehensive nutritional assessment for a client. After reviewing the client's lab results, which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. WBC count of 6000/mm3 B. Sodium 139 mEq/L C. Prealbumin 8 mg/dL D. Thyroxine (t4) 9.2 mcg/dL - C This indicates a critical level that indicates severe malnutrition 90. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has Parkinson's disease & a prescription for levodopa-carbidopa. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume w/the med? A. 6 oz greek yogurt B. 1 oz cheddar cheese C. 6 peanut butter crackers D. 1 slice wheat toast - D this is the lowest protein option since the med effectiveness decreases w/protein absorption 91. A nurse is assessing a client's risk for pressure ulcers using the Braden scale. The client eats more than half of most meals but occasionally refuses a meal. Which of the following information should the nurse document on the nutrition category of the Braden scale? A. 1 (very poor) B. 2 (Probably Inadequate) C. 3 (Adequate) D. 4 (Excellent) - C. 92. A nurse is providing teaching about cancer prevention to a group of clients. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will eat 5 servings of fruits & veggies each day." B. "I should limit my alcohol intake to a max of 3 drinks daily." C. "I should eat more refined wheat & oat products." D. "I will eat processed meats to achieve my required protein intake." - A 93. A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and ascites. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse provide for this client? A. "Decrease your sodium intake to 1-2 grams/day" B. "Increase your daily fluid intake to 3 L/day" C. "Consume 0.5 gram per kg of protein/day" D. "Eliminate foods that contain vitamin K." - A A client with cirrhosis should limit sodium intake to 2000 mg 94. A nurse is assessing a client who has type 2 DM. The nurse should recognize which of the following as a manifestation of hypoglycemia? A. Confusion B. Polydipsia C. Vomiting D. Ketonuria - A 95. A nurse is an ED is reviewing the lab report for an older adult client who is confused & reports nausea & abd. cramping. The nurse should suspect the client's lab results to indicate a dietary deficiency of which of the following minerals? A. Sodium B. Phosphorus C. Potassium D. Chloride - A Sodium deficit manifestations include: confusion, headache, adb cramping, and dizziness. 96. A nurse is teaching about dietary intake of micronutrients to a client who has difficulty seeing at night. Which of the following micronutrients should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Vitamin A B. Calcium C. Vitamin B6 D. Phosphorus - A. Vitamin A enables the eyes to adapt to dim lighting more rapidly at night, which improves night vision. 97. A nurse is providing nutritional teaching to the parents of a 2-year-old toddler. Which of the following snack foods should the nurse recommend? A. 1 cup fruit gel bites B. 1 cup yogurt C. 1/2 of a hot dog D. 1/2 of a peanut butter sandwich - B. good source of protein, little risk of choking 98. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed captopril. The nurse is aware that which of the following foods could cause a potential medication interaction? A. Watermelon B. Cantaloupe C. Lettuce D. Carrots - B. Cantaloupe is high in potassium, the client on captopril should avoid foods high in potassium