HNF 150 Exam 1 – 2025/2026 Full Nutrition Fundamentals Guide with Verified Questions and Detailed Answers

HNF 150 Exam 1 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Corresponding Answers
with Surety of 100% Pass Mark



Describe the 6 key concepts Dr. Alaimo explained on the first day of class -

🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Nutrition is a science


2. Nutrition is a major cornerstone of health

3. Nutrient density

4. We are nature "human health and nutrition depends on planet health

(both local and global ecosystems)

5. The massive local, national and global crises we are facing: >health.

Climate. Nature. < interrelated

6. YOU ARE THE SOLUTION

Understand the concept of nutrient density and state how it can be used to

determine healthfulness of foods. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Foods rich in

nutrients relative to their energy content (calories)



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,2. Usually whole foods

3. Lower calories Higher Nutrients = NUTRIENT DENSE

Identify the six classes of nutrients. Recall the energy yield (kcal/gram) for

carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Protein (4

kcal/g)

2. Carb (4kcal/g)

3. Fat (9kcal/g)

4. Water

5. Minerals

6. Vitamins

Alcohol (7kcal/g)


Whole foods (not the supermarket!) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Foods that are

considered to form the basis of a nutritious diet, also called basic foods ex.

Milk, meats, veggies, and fruits

2. Food that has been processed or refined as little as possible and is free

from additives or other artificial substances




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,Processed foods - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Foods subjected to any process ex.

Chips, white rice, bacon

2. A food item that has had a series of mechanical or chemical operations

performed on it to change or preserve it


Essential nutrients - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The nutrients the body cannot make

for itself that must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies


Organic/inorganic nutrients - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Understand to mean food

grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers

2. Organic-carbon containing; Inorganic-water and minerals


Calorie - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Unit of energy (kcal)


2. Amount of energy required to raise 1L of water by 1 degree celcius


Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Food and

nutrition experts who have earned at least a bachelor's degree from an

accredited college or university with a program approved by the Academy

of Nutrition and Dietetics

2. Food and nutrition experts who can translate the science of nutrition into

practical solutions for healthy living


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, Identify the steps of scientific method. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Form a

hypothesis

2. Ask a question

3. Experiment

4. Analyze results

5. Develop theory


Case studies - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Study of individuals


2. Offers starting point for further research

3. Does not establish cause and effect


Epidemiological studies - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Studies of populations, usually

reveal correlation ( a is associated with b), not causation


Migration studies - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Studies that follow populations who

move from one food environment to another (whole diet patterns)


Intervention studies - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Controlled/clinical trial


2. Researchers actively intervene in one group of the population

(experimental group) and compared to a group that does not receive the

intervention (control group)
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