biol 252 final-GRQ's exam with correct
answers
Ingestion| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-the| selective| intake| of| food
digestion| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-the| mechanical| and| chemical| breakdown| of| food| into| a| form|
usable| by| the| body
absorption| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-the| uptake| of| nutrient| molecules| into| the| epithelial| cells| of| the|
digestive| tract| and| then| into| the| blood| or| lymph
compaction| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-absorbing| water| and| consolidating| the| indigestible| residue| into|
feces
defecation| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-elimination| of| feces
mechanical| vs| chemical| digestion| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-mechanical==physical| breakdown| of| food|
into| smaller| particles,| exposes| more| food| surface| area| to| the| action| of| digestive| enzymes
chemical==series| of| hydrolysis| reactions| that| break| dietary| macromolecules| into| their| monomers,|
polysacharides| into| monosacharides,| proteins| into| amino| acids,| fats| into
3.| What| type| of| digestion| takes| place| in| our| mouth,| and| by| which| components| of| the| digestive|
system?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-Chemical| (salivary| amylase| breaks| starch| into| maltose)| and|
mechanical| (chewing).
4.| What| are| the| accessory| organs| of| the| digestive| system?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-teeth,| tongue,|
salivary| glands,| liver,| gallbladder,| pancreas
5.| What| does| the| author| mean| when| writing| "In| the| strict| sense,| defecated| food| was| never| in| the|
body"?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-most| of| the| material| in| the| digestive| tract| has| not| been| "in"| any|
body| tissue.| Until| it| is| absorbed| by| the| epithelial| cells| of| the| alimentary| canal
6.| Our| digestive| system| is| open| to| the| environment,| including| many| pathogens.| What| would| you|
expect| to| find| along| the| intestines,| to| prevent| these| pathogens| form| getting| into| our| blood?| -|
VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-low| pH| is| fatal| for| many| microrganisms|
mucus| contains| antibodies|
enzymes
good| bacteria
7.| What| are| the| main| functions| of| the| mucosa?| The| submucosa?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-made| of|
stratified| squamous| epithelium,| lamina| propria| and| thin| layer| of| smooth| muscle| called| muscularis|
, mucosae| -| tenses| the| mucosa,| creating| ridges/grooves.| Prevents| pathogens| and| dirt| from| entering|
the| body---abosorption/secretion,| comes| into| direct| contact| with| food
submucosa=thicker| layer| of| loose,| connective| tissue| containing| blood| vessels,| lymphatics,| a| nerve|
plexus| and| some| glands| that| secrete| mucus.| ---supports| the| mucus,| joins| mucosa| to| overlying|
smooth| muscle
digestive| tract| wall| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-serosa
Longitudinal| muscular| layer
Circular| muscular| layer
Epithelial| layer
Muscularis| mucosae
submucosa
mucosa
9.| What| are| the| main| functions| of| the| mesenteries?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-connective| tissue| sheets|
that| hold| the| stomach| and| intestines| to| the| abdominal| wall.| Prevent| twisting| and| provide| passage|
for| blood| vessels| and| nerves| that| supply| the| digestive| tract.| Contain| many| lymph| nodes| and|
lymphatic| vessels.
Describe| each| of| the| three| phases| of| gastric| activity| in| one| sentence| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-
Cephalic| phase==| Brain| is| in| control| of| stomach,| vagus| nerve| stimulates| gastrin| and| HCl| secretion|
even| before| food| is| swallowed.| 40%| of| stomach| acid| secretion
Gastric| phase==Stomach| is| in| control| of| stomach,| food| stretches| the| stomach| and| activates| reflexes,|
which| stimulate| gastrin| secretion.
Intestinal| phase==small| intestine| is| in| control| of| stomach,| duodenum| responds| to| arriving| chyme| by|
initially| enhancing| gastric| secretion,| but| then| inhibiting| it.| acids| and| semi-digested| fats| trigger|
inhibitory| signal| via| enteric| system.
2.| Which| nervous| system| is| the| major| player| in| regulation| of| gastric| activity?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-
the| enteric| nervous| system
3.| What| are| the| two| major| factors| that| stimulate| gastric| secretion| during| the| gastric| phase?| -|
VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-Ingested| food| stimulates| gastric| secretion| by|
-stretching| the| stomach|
answers
Ingestion| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-the| selective| intake| of| food
digestion| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-the| mechanical| and| chemical| breakdown| of| food| into| a| form|
usable| by| the| body
absorption| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-the| uptake| of| nutrient| molecules| into| the| epithelial| cells| of| the|
digestive| tract| and| then| into| the| blood| or| lymph
compaction| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-absorbing| water| and| consolidating| the| indigestible| residue| into|
feces
defecation| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-elimination| of| feces
mechanical| vs| chemical| digestion| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-mechanical==physical| breakdown| of| food|
into| smaller| particles,| exposes| more| food| surface| area| to| the| action| of| digestive| enzymes
chemical==series| of| hydrolysis| reactions| that| break| dietary| macromolecules| into| their| monomers,|
polysacharides| into| monosacharides,| proteins| into| amino| acids,| fats| into
3.| What| type| of| digestion| takes| place| in| our| mouth,| and| by| which| components| of| the| digestive|
system?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-Chemical| (salivary| amylase| breaks| starch| into| maltose)| and|
mechanical| (chewing).
4.| What| are| the| accessory| organs| of| the| digestive| system?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-teeth,| tongue,|
salivary| glands,| liver,| gallbladder,| pancreas
5.| What| does| the| author| mean| when| writing| "In| the| strict| sense,| defecated| food| was| never| in| the|
body"?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-most| of| the| material| in| the| digestive| tract| has| not| been| "in"| any|
body| tissue.| Until| it| is| absorbed| by| the| epithelial| cells| of| the| alimentary| canal
6.| Our| digestive| system| is| open| to| the| environment,| including| many| pathogens.| What| would| you|
expect| to| find| along| the| intestines,| to| prevent| these| pathogens| form| getting| into| our| blood?| -|
VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-low| pH| is| fatal| for| many| microrganisms|
mucus| contains| antibodies|
enzymes
good| bacteria
7.| What| are| the| main| functions| of| the| mucosa?| The| submucosa?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-made| of|
stratified| squamous| epithelium,| lamina| propria| and| thin| layer| of| smooth| muscle| called| muscularis|
, mucosae| -| tenses| the| mucosa,| creating| ridges/grooves.| Prevents| pathogens| and| dirt| from| entering|
the| body---abosorption/secretion,| comes| into| direct| contact| with| food
submucosa=thicker| layer| of| loose,| connective| tissue| containing| blood| vessels,| lymphatics,| a| nerve|
plexus| and| some| glands| that| secrete| mucus.| ---supports| the| mucus,| joins| mucosa| to| overlying|
smooth| muscle
digestive| tract| wall| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-serosa
Longitudinal| muscular| layer
Circular| muscular| layer
Epithelial| layer
Muscularis| mucosae
submucosa
mucosa
9.| What| are| the| main| functions| of| the| mesenteries?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-connective| tissue| sheets|
that| hold| the| stomach| and| intestines| to| the| abdominal| wall.| Prevent| twisting| and| provide| passage|
for| blood| vessels| and| nerves| that| supply| the| digestive| tract.| Contain| many| lymph| nodes| and|
lymphatic| vessels.
Describe| each| of| the| three| phases| of| gastric| activity| in| one| sentence| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-
Cephalic| phase==| Brain| is| in| control| of| stomach,| vagus| nerve| stimulates| gastrin| and| HCl| secretion|
even| before| food| is| swallowed.| 40%| of| stomach| acid| secretion
Gastric| phase==Stomach| is| in| control| of| stomach,| food| stretches| the| stomach| and| activates| reflexes,|
which| stimulate| gastrin| secretion.
Intestinal| phase==small| intestine| is| in| control| of| stomach,| duodenum| responds| to| arriving| chyme| by|
initially| enhancing| gastric| secretion,| but| then| inhibiting| it.| acids| and| semi-digested| fats| trigger|
inhibitory| signal| via| enteric| system.
2.| Which| nervous| system| is| the| major| player| in| regulation| of| gastric| activity?| -| VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-
the| enteric| nervous| system
3.| What| are| the| two| major| factors| that| stimulate| gastric| secretion| during| the| gastric| phase?| -|
VERIFIED| ANSWER✔✔-Ingested| food| stimulates| gastric| secretion| by|
-stretching| the| stomach|
