PAEA EOC AND SUMMATIVE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>

PAEA EOC AND SUMMATIVE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS &lt;BRAND NEW VERSION&gt; 1. What exactly causes the occlusive vascular disease of thromboangiitis obliterans? - ANSWER aka Buerger's disease 2. Inflammatory thrombi affecting the medium and small vessels (nonatherosclerosis) 3. olymorphonuclear leukocytes, microabscesses, and multinucleated giant cells may be presen 4. Treatment options for thromboangiitis obliterans? - ANSWER smoking cessation most important! cilostazol (PDE 3 inhibitor) has vasodilator properties (alleviated symptoms) if raynauds also present, CCB (nifedipine) 5. hat heart failure treatment provides a benefit of reduction in morbidity and mortality? - ANSWER ACE inhibitors beta blockers can also reduce M&M diuretics have no reduction in mortality 6. How would you manage a patient with a MI in the setting of cocaine use? - ANSWER benzodiazepine early no beta blockers 7. what is factor V's role in the clotting cascade? - ANSWER procoagulant clotting factor that amplifies the production of thrombin, the central enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin A small amount of thrombin at the site of a wound activates factor V by limited proteolysis. Works as a positive feedback loop 8. What is occuring in Factor V Leiden that leads to increased risk of VTE? - ANSWER a single point mutation of the factor V gene leads to factor V being insensitive to protein C (which is a natural anticoagulant) 9. What anti-nausea medication is suggested for treatment of concussion? which should be avoided? - ANSWER ondansetron is recommended for the first 1-2 days post-concussion 10. Avoid phenothiazines (metoclopromide & promethazine) due to adverse SEs such as drowsiness and orthostatic hypotension What route of administration should antibiotics be given for bacterial meningitis? What should be given along side the antibiotics while treating empirically? - ANSWER IV works best to help better penetrate the BBB. 11. give dexamethasone while organism is unknown. Intravenous administration of glucocorticoids (usually dexamethasone) prior to or at the time of administering antibiotics has been associated with a reduction in the rate of hearing loss, other neurologic complications, and mortality in patients with meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae what antibiotics can be used for empiric tx of bacterial meningitis? (give answers based on age: &lt; 1 month old, 1-50 years old, &gt; 50 years old) - ANSWER &lt; 1 month: Ampicillin + cefotaxime 1-50 years old: vancomycin + 3rd gen cephalosporin  50 years old: vancomycin + ampicillin + 3rd gen cephalosporin 2 most common pathogens of community acquired bacterial meningitis - ANSWER S. pneumoniae followed by N. meningitidis 12. Treatment options for postherpetic neuralgia? (3) - ANSWER Gabapentin, pregabalin, and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs: amitriptyline) are generally the drugs of first choice 13. What is the single most important treatable risk factor for stroke? - ANSWER Hypertension 14. What is used for long-term secondary prevention of stroke? - ANSWER Aspirin is often used first line other options: clopidogrel or aspirin-extended-release dipyridamole 15. Which type of meningitis tends to have higher levels of WBCs in CSF? (WBCs may be as much as 1000+) - ANSWER bacterial meningitis (will also see elevated glucose and maybe elevated protein) 16. TB meningitis can have elevated WBCs as well 17. What are some symptoms of autonomic instability associated with delirium? - ANSWER tachycardia, HTN, fever, diaphoresis 18. Wernicke's encephalopathy triad? cause of wernicke's encephalopathy? - ANSWER confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia 19. cause: thiamine deficiency Ocular signs are the hallmark of the disease, including horizontal nystagmus, bilateral abducens palsy, complete ophthalmoplegia, and pupillary abnormalities 20. Pts who are fasting, receiving parenteral nutrition, recovering from GI surgery, being fed after a period of starvation, undergoing hemodialysis, alcoholism, or suffering from advanced cancer are particularly susceptible to this disorder 21. Describe the tremor of parkinsons - ANSWER "pill rolling" tremor that is more severe at rest- most noticeable when the tremulous body part is supported by gravity and not engaged in purposeful activitie 22. Which occurs later in PD? - ANSWER tremor (more so at rest) Bradykinesia (generalized slowness of movement) - MC feature, but generally hard for patients to describe Rigidity (increased resistance to passive movement about a joint. cogwheel seen in PD) Postural instability (a feeling of imbalance and a tendency to fall; appears later in PD course) 23. When is treatment indicated for women with pelvic organ prolapse? - ANSWER Obstructed urination or defecation hydronephrosis from chronic ureteral kinking Tx indicated if symptoms, regardless of degree of prolapse, not indicated for women with asymptomatic prolapse 24. What conservative treatments are recommended for pelvic organ prolapse before moving to surgical options? - ANSWER vaginal pessary pelvic floor muscle training 25. what gynecologic infection has vaginal epithelial cells studded with adherent coccobacilli that are best appreciated at the edge of the cell on microscopy? - ANSWER bacterial vaginosis (clue cells) 26. What is the amsel criteria and what is it used to diagnose? - ANSWER used to dx BV 27. At least 3 of the following criteria must be met: 1. homogenous, thin, grayish-white discharge 2. vaginal pH &gt; 4.5 3. Postive whiff amine test 4. clue cells on wet mount *technically gram stain is the gold standard for dx but its too expensive and time consuming. Only used in research. 28. Name some common benign masses found in the breast - ANSWER fibroadenoma simple cyst fibrocystic changes galactocele 29. A 25 year old women presents with a palpable mass in her breast in the left outer quadrant. what would be the next step in the work up of this mass? - ANSWER diagnostic mammography 30. An abnormal mammography should be followed up with US and biopsy. helps to differentiate solid from cystic masses, as well as detect axilla lymph nodes 31. Most common site of endometriosis? - ANSWER ovaries 32. What is responsible for the pain associated with endometriosis? - ANSWER the inflammation caused by the ectopic tissue 33. A 24 yr old woman presents with problems getting pregnant after a year of her and her husband trying. She also admits to pain during intercourse and during her periods that is not relieved by NSAIDs. Pap and STI testing are negative. PE reveals a mass on the left ovary, but tranvaginal US shows no cysts. What is the next step in work up? - ANSWER exploratory laparoscopy for suspected endometriosis 34. Indications for surgical exploration include diagnosis of persistent pelvic pain that does not respond to medical therapy, evaluation of severe symptoms that limit function, and treatment of anatomic abnormalities, such as bladder lesions 35. Which type of molar pregnancy has a higher risk of malignancy? - ANSWER complete molar (diploid, homozygous 46XX MC, sperm genetics only) - produce higher levels of hcG than partial moles 36. 2 main risk factors for the development of molar pregnancy? - ANSWER extremes of maternal age (&lt;15 or &gt;35) hx of previous molar