BIO 201 Exam 4 UPDATED Exam
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Rostral - CORRECT ANSWER - toward the nose
Caudal - CORRECT ANSWER - toward the tail
Major portions of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER - Brain stem, Cerebrum, cerebellum
Cerebrum is ___% of brain volume - CORRECT ANSWER - 83
Cerebellum contains ___% of the neurons - CORRECT ANSWER - 50
The brain weighs ___ pounds - CORRECT ANSWER - 3.5
Longitudinal Fissure - CORRECT ANSWER - separates 2 cerebral hemispheres
(left/right)
Central Sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER - Separates frontal & parietal lobe
Gyri - CORRECT ANSWER - folds
Sulci - CORRECT ANSWER - grooves
cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - surface layer of gray matter
,nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER - deeper masses of gray matter
tracts - CORRECT ANSWER - bundles of axons
gray matter - CORRECT ANSWER - neuron cell bodies, dendrites & synapses
-forms cortex over cerebrum & cerebellum
-forms nuclei deep with in brain
white matter - CORRECT ANSWER - bundles of axons
-forms tracts that connect parts of the brain
Meninges - CORRECT ANSWER - Dura Mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Dura mater - CORRECT ANSWER - outermost, tough membrane
-outer periosteal layer against bone
-inner meningeal layer
-subdural space (below dura mater)
-where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinusesdraining blood from
brain
supportive structures formed by dura mater - CORRECT ANSWER - falx cerebri, falx
cerebelli & tentorium cerebelli
Arachnoid mater - CORRECT ANSWER - spider web filamentous layer
Pia mater - CORRECT ANSWER - a thin vascular layer adherent to contours of brain
Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation of the meninges
,-bacterial & virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose & throat
-signs: high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness & intense headache which could lead to coma
-diagnose by examining the CSF fluid for bacteria
Lumbar puncture - CORRECT ANSWER - (spinal tap) check spinal fluid
-draws fluid from subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae
Lateral ventricles - CORRECT ANSWER - found inside the cerebral hemispheres
Third ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER - single vertical space under corpus callosum
Cerebral aqueduct - CORRECT ANSWER - runs through the midbrain (connects 3rd &
4th ventricle)
Central canal - CORRECT ANSWER - runs down through spinal cord
Ventricles - CORRECT ANSWER - Internal chambers within the CNS
-lined with ependymal cells & containing choroid plexus of capillaries that produce CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid - CORRECT ANSWER - clear liquid that fills ventricles & canals &
bathes in its external surface (in subarachnoid space)
The brain produces & absorbs ___ml/day of CSF - CORRECT ANSWER - 500
Functions of CSF - CORRECT ANSWER - Buoyancy: floats brain so its neutrally
buoyant
Protection: cushions from hitting inside of skull
Chemical stability: rinses away wastes
, CSF escapes from ___ to surround the brain & is absorbed by ___ into venous sinus -
CORRECT ANSWER - 4th ventricle/ arachnoid villi
Circumventricular organs... - CORRECT ANSWER - ...in 3rd & 4th ventricles are breaks
in the barrier where blood has direct access
-monitoring of glucose, pH, osmolarity & other variations
-allows route for HIV to invade the brain
Blood-brain & Blood-CSF barriers - CORRECT ANSWER - Tightly joined endothelium
-permeable to lipid-soluble materials (alcohol, nicotine, O2, CO2 & anesthetics)
Hindbrain - CORRECT ANSWER - Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata - CORRECT ANSWER - contains cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory &
reflex centers which adjust heart rate but also control coughing & sneezing, etc.
-3 cm extension of spinal cord
-ascending & descending nerve tracts
-Nuclei of sensory & motor nerves (IX,X,XI,XII)
Cardiac Center (Medulla) - CORRECT ANSWER - adjusts heart rate & force
Vasomotor Center (Medulla) - CORRECT ANSWER - adjusts blood vessel diameter
Respiratory Center (Medulla) - CORRECT ANSWER - controls rate & depth of breathing
Reflex Center (Medulla) - CORRECT ANSWER - coughing, sneezing, gagging,
swallowing, vomiting, salivation, sweating, movements of tongue & head
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Rostral - CORRECT ANSWER - toward the nose
Caudal - CORRECT ANSWER - toward the tail
Major portions of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER - Brain stem, Cerebrum, cerebellum
Cerebrum is ___% of brain volume - CORRECT ANSWER - 83
Cerebellum contains ___% of the neurons - CORRECT ANSWER - 50
The brain weighs ___ pounds - CORRECT ANSWER - 3.5
Longitudinal Fissure - CORRECT ANSWER - separates 2 cerebral hemispheres
(left/right)
Central Sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER - Separates frontal & parietal lobe
Gyri - CORRECT ANSWER - folds
Sulci - CORRECT ANSWER - grooves
cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - surface layer of gray matter
,nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER - deeper masses of gray matter
tracts - CORRECT ANSWER - bundles of axons
gray matter - CORRECT ANSWER - neuron cell bodies, dendrites & synapses
-forms cortex over cerebrum & cerebellum
-forms nuclei deep with in brain
white matter - CORRECT ANSWER - bundles of axons
-forms tracts that connect parts of the brain
Meninges - CORRECT ANSWER - Dura Mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Dura mater - CORRECT ANSWER - outermost, tough membrane
-outer periosteal layer against bone
-inner meningeal layer
-subdural space (below dura mater)
-where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinusesdraining blood from
brain
supportive structures formed by dura mater - CORRECT ANSWER - falx cerebri, falx
cerebelli & tentorium cerebelli
Arachnoid mater - CORRECT ANSWER - spider web filamentous layer
Pia mater - CORRECT ANSWER - a thin vascular layer adherent to contours of brain
Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Inflammation of the meninges
,-bacterial & virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose & throat
-signs: high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness & intense headache which could lead to coma
-diagnose by examining the CSF fluid for bacteria
Lumbar puncture - CORRECT ANSWER - (spinal tap) check spinal fluid
-draws fluid from subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae
Lateral ventricles - CORRECT ANSWER - found inside the cerebral hemispheres
Third ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER - single vertical space under corpus callosum
Cerebral aqueduct - CORRECT ANSWER - runs through the midbrain (connects 3rd &
4th ventricle)
Central canal - CORRECT ANSWER - runs down through spinal cord
Ventricles - CORRECT ANSWER - Internal chambers within the CNS
-lined with ependymal cells & containing choroid plexus of capillaries that produce CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid - CORRECT ANSWER - clear liquid that fills ventricles & canals &
bathes in its external surface (in subarachnoid space)
The brain produces & absorbs ___ml/day of CSF - CORRECT ANSWER - 500
Functions of CSF - CORRECT ANSWER - Buoyancy: floats brain so its neutrally
buoyant
Protection: cushions from hitting inside of skull
Chemical stability: rinses away wastes
, CSF escapes from ___ to surround the brain & is absorbed by ___ into venous sinus -
CORRECT ANSWER - 4th ventricle/ arachnoid villi
Circumventricular organs... - CORRECT ANSWER - ...in 3rd & 4th ventricles are breaks
in the barrier where blood has direct access
-monitoring of glucose, pH, osmolarity & other variations
-allows route for HIV to invade the brain
Blood-brain & Blood-CSF barriers - CORRECT ANSWER - Tightly joined endothelium
-permeable to lipid-soluble materials (alcohol, nicotine, O2, CO2 & anesthetics)
Hindbrain - CORRECT ANSWER - Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata - CORRECT ANSWER - contains cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory &
reflex centers which adjust heart rate but also control coughing & sneezing, etc.
-3 cm extension of spinal cord
-ascending & descending nerve tracts
-Nuclei of sensory & motor nerves (IX,X,XI,XII)
Cardiac Center (Medulla) - CORRECT ANSWER - adjusts heart rate & force
Vasomotor Center (Medulla) - CORRECT ANSWER - adjusts blood vessel diameter
Respiratory Center (Medulla) - CORRECT ANSWER - controls rate & depth of breathing
Reflex Center (Medulla) - CORRECT ANSWER - coughing, sneezing, gagging,
swallowing, vomiting, salivation, sweating, movements of tongue & head
