NR507/NR 507 Midterm Exam (2025/2026
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology
100% Verified Questions and Correct
Answers | Grade A Chamberlain
Prepared for Chamberlain Universitys Advanced
Pathophysiology Curriculum
June 13, 2025
This document contains 80 multiple-choice questions designed to reflect the 2025/2026
NR507 curriculum. Each question includes a verified correct answer and an expert-level
explanation. For educational use only.
, NR507/NR 507 Midterm Exam (2025/2026 Update)
1 Midterm Exam Questions
1.1 Question 1
What is the most abundant plasma protein in the human body?
A. Globulin
B. Albumin
C. Clotting factors
D. Complement proteins
Correct Answer: B. Albumin
Explanation: Albumin constitutes approximately 60% of total plasma protein, with a concen-
tration of about 4 g/dL. It plays a critical role in maintaining oncotic pressure and transporting
various substances, such as hormones and drugs. Globulins are the second most abundant,
while clotting factors and complement proteins are present in much lower quantities.
1.2 Question 2
Which characteristic defines carcinoma in situ (CIS)?
A. Cells have invaded surrounding tissue
B. Cells have broken through the basement membrane
C. Cells remain localized in the epithelium
D. Cells exhibit anaplasia
Correct Answer: C. Cells remain localized in the epithelium
Explanation: Carcinoma in situ refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular
or squamous cell origin. These cells are confined to the epithelium and have not breached the
basement membrane or invaded surrounding tissues. Anaplasia indicates a loss of differentia-
tion, which may occur but is not the defining feature of CIS.
1.3 Question 3
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A. Type I
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is an IgE-mediated allergic reaction that can lead to sys-
temic anaphylaxis, characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling, and throat
tightness. It is triggered by allergens like peanut butter or bee stings. Other types involve dif-
ferent mechanisms: Type II is cytotoxic, Type III involves immune complexes, and Type IV is
cell-mediated.
1
, NR507/NR 507 Midterm Exam (2025/2026 Update)
1.4 Question 4
What is the primary cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide?
A. Genetic mutations
B. Malnutrition
C. Autoimmune diseases
D. Chronic infections
Correct Answer: B. Malnutrition
Explanation: Malnutrition is the leading cause of secondary immune deficiencies globally,
as it impairs the production and function of immune cells, particularly T and B lymphocytes.
Genetic mutations cause primary immunodeficiencies, while autoimmune diseases and chronic
infections can contribute to secondary deficiencies but are less prevalent causes.
1.5 Question 5
Which process describes the constant production of blood cells throughout life?
A. Hemostasis
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Hemolysis
D. Erythropoiesis
Correct Answer: B. Hematopoiesis
Explanation: Hematopoiesis is the lifelong process of blood cell production, occurring pri-
marily in the bone marrow in adults and in the liver and spleen during fetal development. It
replaces red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets lost due to aging,
disease, or bleeding. Erythropoiesis is specific to RBC production, hemostasis refers to blood
clotting, and hemolysis is RBC destruction.
1.6 Question 6
What is the hallmark of Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
A. IgE-mediated response
B. Immune complex deposition
C. Cytotoxic response mediated by IgG or IgM
D. Delayed cell-mediated response
Correct Answer: C. Cytotoxic response mediated by IgG or IgM
Explanation: Type II hypersensitivity reactions involve IgG or IgM antibodies targeting cell
surface antigens, leading to cell destruction via complement activation or phagocytosis. Exam-
ples include ABO incompatibility and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Type I is IgE-mediated,
Type III involves immune complexes, and Type IV is cell-mediated.
1.7 Question 7
Which condition is an example of a primary immunodeficiency?
A. HIV/AIDS
B. Malnutrition-induced immune suppression
2
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology
100% Verified Questions and Correct
Answers | Grade A Chamberlain
Prepared for Chamberlain Universitys Advanced
Pathophysiology Curriculum
June 13, 2025
This document contains 80 multiple-choice questions designed to reflect the 2025/2026
NR507 curriculum. Each question includes a verified correct answer and an expert-level
explanation. For educational use only.
, NR507/NR 507 Midterm Exam (2025/2026 Update)
1 Midterm Exam Questions
1.1 Question 1
What is the most abundant plasma protein in the human body?
A. Globulin
B. Albumin
C. Clotting factors
D. Complement proteins
Correct Answer: B. Albumin
Explanation: Albumin constitutes approximately 60% of total plasma protein, with a concen-
tration of about 4 g/dL. It plays a critical role in maintaining oncotic pressure and transporting
various substances, such as hormones and drugs. Globulins are the second most abundant,
while clotting factors and complement proteins are present in much lower quantities.
1.2 Question 2
Which characteristic defines carcinoma in situ (CIS)?
A. Cells have invaded surrounding tissue
B. Cells have broken through the basement membrane
C. Cells remain localized in the epithelium
D. Cells exhibit anaplasia
Correct Answer: C. Cells remain localized in the epithelium
Explanation: Carcinoma in situ refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular
or squamous cell origin. These cells are confined to the epithelium and have not breached the
basement membrane or invaded surrounding tissues. Anaplasia indicates a loss of differentia-
tion, which may occur but is not the defining feature of CIS.
1.3 Question 3
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A. Type I
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is an IgE-mediated allergic reaction that can lead to sys-
temic anaphylaxis, characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling, and throat
tightness. It is triggered by allergens like peanut butter or bee stings. Other types involve dif-
ferent mechanisms: Type II is cytotoxic, Type III involves immune complexes, and Type IV is
cell-mediated.
1
, NR507/NR 507 Midterm Exam (2025/2026 Update)
1.4 Question 4
What is the primary cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide?
A. Genetic mutations
B. Malnutrition
C. Autoimmune diseases
D. Chronic infections
Correct Answer: B. Malnutrition
Explanation: Malnutrition is the leading cause of secondary immune deficiencies globally,
as it impairs the production and function of immune cells, particularly T and B lymphocytes.
Genetic mutations cause primary immunodeficiencies, while autoimmune diseases and chronic
infections can contribute to secondary deficiencies but are less prevalent causes.
1.5 Question 5
Which process describes the constant production of blood cells throughout life?
A. Hemostasis
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Hemolysis
D. Erythropoiesis
Correct Answer: B. Hematopoiesis
Explanation: Hematopoiesis is the lifelong process of blood cell production, occurring pri-
marily in the bone marrow in adults and in the liver and spleen during fetal development. It
replaces red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets lost due to aging,
disease, or bleeding. Erythropoiesis is specific to RBC production, hemostasis refers to blood
clotting, and hemolysis is RBC destruction.
1.6 Question 6
What is the hallmark of Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
A. IgE-mediated response
B. Immune complex deposition
C. Cytotoxic response mediated by IgG or IgM
D. Delayed cell-mediated response
Correct Answer: C. Cytotoxic response mediated by IgG or IgM
Explanation: Type II hypersensitivity reactions involve IgG or IgM antibodies targeting cell
surface antigens, leading to cell destruction via complement activation or phagocytosis. Exam-
ples include ABO incompatibility and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Type I is IgE-mediated,
Type III involves immune complexes, and Type IV is cell-mediated.
1.7 Question 7
Which condition is an example of a primary immunodeficiency?
A. HIV/AIDS
B. Malnutrition-induced immune suppression
2
